Simple Proofreading Process with a Big Name Ratiocination - The Writers For Hire

SIMPLE PROOFREADING PROCESS WITH A BIG NAME: RATIOCINATION Thanks to Alise Isbell for contributing this wonderful post on a very interesting proofreading method. Youre bound to catch more errors if you do this! Ratiocination is a miracle that changed the way I write and edit. While not a professional writer, my company trains people how to write more effectively, and ratiocination helps. Webster’s Dictionary defines ratiocination as â€Å"the process of exact thinking† or â€Å"a reasoned train of thought.† Language is a vehicle, like a car. It has parts like suffixes, prefixes, words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs etc†¦ People can rearrange the parts to function differently. For example, we slow down the reader with longer words or more complicated verb tenses. We can also speed up the reader by doing the opposite. The key to effective writing is tinkering with the right parts of language to get the desired results. Why does ratiocination get results? When proofreading, the process isolates grammar concepts and allows the writer to assess the parts instead of the whole piece. Writers use basic grammar concepts with this process to improve the effectiveness and impact of their message. How it works: The simple version†¦ 1. Select any piece of writing. 2. Choose a set of grammar concepts and a symbol or color for each concept to highlight these in the writing. Ideally, the grammar concepts should be common errors. (Examples include: their, there and they’re or it’s and its). 3. Code the writing for each grammar concept. For example, mark all the â€Å"that† words with red. The word â€Å"that† is used as a pronoun, but often overused as a conjunction (which lengthens sentences unnecessarily.) Analysis: 1. Too many prepositions 2. Unnecessary â€Å"that† 3. Sentence too long 4. Passive voice 5. Too many big words Revision: Because of the client’s proposal instructions, we will start documenting when engineers examine problems. This documentation will help us establish if new employees need more training. Change the grammar concepts to fit the purpose, weaknesses or bad habits you want to fix. Your writing will look like a paint-by-numbers, but the dissection leads to clear, concise and streamlined prose. Once you have highlighted each of the grammar concepts, it sets them apart from the writing, making language easier to evaluate. Alise Isbell, Owner Write Wise Communications, LLC We drive achievement with effective communication! 488 W. 19th St., #359 Houston, TX 77008 www.writewisecommunications.com (713) 863-9140 direct/fax (713) 557-6112 cellular Follow me on Twitter: amisbell

Stephen Jay Gould essays

Stephen Jay Gould essays Stephen Jay Gould is professor of Geology at Harvard University, where his field of interest centers on the special evolutionary problems related to species of Bahamian snails fortunately, thats not what his essay, Nonmoral Nature, is about. Gould has become well known for his essays on science; essays not only written with the clarity needed to explain complex concepts to a general audience, but also informed by a superb scientific understanding. His books have won both praise and prizes. Nonmoral Nature concerns itself with a supposedly highly controversial issue: the religious reading of natural events. Gould has frequently given testimony at legislative hearings in which creationists have insisted that the Bibles version of creation be taught in science courses as scientific fact. Gould opposes this position because he views the account of creation in Genesis as religious, not scientific. He points out that Charles Darwin, the scientist he most frequently praises, did not think there was conflict between his theories and religious beliefs; to add, Darwin was also trained as a minister. Goulds primary point in this selection is that the behavior of animals in nature with ruthless and efficient predators inflicting pain on an essentially helpless prey has presented theologians with very exacting problems; if God is good and if creation reveals his goodness, how does one account for the suffering of natures victims? As a person with different beliefs and faith I could dismiss this controversy in the blink of an eye; however, for the sake of understanding others positions and beliefs as well as taking admiration to Goulds rhetoric, lets investigate the works presented in Nonmoral Nature. ...

Concert Attendance Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Concert Attendance Report - Assignment Example There were also some brass, trumpets and horns. Additionally, there was a solo violist who had high level professional performing abilities. Such full symphonic orchestra included the four music families which were the strings, Brass, woodwinds, and percussion instruments. The performance setting was in an auditorium and the conductor including other performers were dressed in formal outfit, considered mostly to be black and white suites and dresses. Style of the music music performed was led gracefully with dulcet andantes and fierce prestos. A violin with a very light and brilliant quality of sound was used, the sound created images of the ethereal realm within audience minds. The violinist had a very bright and lighthearted personality, the very characteristic of a violin which revealed their interest. Instrumentation of the Ochestra The musicians were divided into four main sections which included; string section, the woodwind section, the brass section, and the percussion sectio n. Each section had their own instruments, in the string section, woodwind, brass section were pitched in different ranges such as voices in a choir. Various instruments in each section were arranged in order from those with highest range to lowest. Some percussion instruments were also tuned to definite pitches, but most of them had indefinite pitch. Sitting Arrangement Usually first meeting with strangers does not always involve openness to each other, which is a different case to those we are familiar with. Occasions of openness to one another is often preceded by getting deeper information concerning the other party, which can be through social settings. Such encounter reveals both acceptable and unacceptable information about oneself which determines kind of relationship developed. Research done on musical instruments and ways of improving the existing policies in concerts discovered that the national policy recognizes the current settings infrastructure as poor and in need of improvement. The last five years have been characterized by rapid advancements in ICT and this call for research to assess the extent to which modern instruments are now used. The study also assessed the relationship between flexible work practices and organizational performances in a survey of sitting arrangement. The findings call for reinforcement on the relationship between various dimensions of flexible work practices and organizational performance. The recommendations which can be utilized here indicate a knowledge gap on the extent to which the modern technology is used. This lays a basis for such a study since none of the major studies carried out reveals much on the use of internet advertising through smart phones in third world countries. This study therefore seeks to fill the knowledge gap and look at the in-depth analysis of the role the phone industry plays through the internet in advertising and how effective it is especially in the rapidly growing telecommunications i ndustry that is experiencing tension in pricing mechanisms and the recent number portability wars among the players. There are several contributors involved in the practice of Corporate Social Responsibility within business environment. Business corporations play major roles within the society and these calls for new leadership roles and tactics which

Traumatic Brain Injuries in Prison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Traumatic Brain Injuries in Prison - Essay Example These incidences are seen to increase as one ages where one becomes a danger to those around them. When a person that has suffered from TBI gets incarcerated, the cognitive and behavioral tendencies related to TBI make it difficult for them to adjust to prison life. For this reason, rehabilitation efforts get complicated especially since TBI resultant habits such as drug dependency and psychiatric problems make it difficult for a prisoner to adjust to prison life and life after their conviction (Ferguson et al 11). A large number of prisoners serving their sentences are doing so while suffering from TBI and this complicates the rehabilitation efforts and their ability to function properly when they get back to society. There are approximately two million people living in jails and prisons in America, 25-87% of these are reported as having suffered a TBI or head injury. Further broken down, women imprisoned for violent crimes have a higher chance of having suffered a TBI or another kind of physical abuse prior to their crime. Also, women with a substance abuse disorder are likely to suffer from a TBI while in prison (â€Å"Traumatic Brain Injury†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). This is an alarming situation as TBI often leads to long-term cognitive impairment making it difficult for persons suffering from it to go through their daily activities and sustain jobs; particularly with persons who are come from prisons or jails. It becomes important to highlight the burden that TBI casts on persons suffering from it. The long-term cognitive impairment depicts its first detrimental effect, which is that it is a disabling injury and this is evidenced by the fact productivity lost as a result of TBI is at 15.7% and this is 14 times that linked to spinal cord injury. The number of persons suffering from TBI is likely to be higher as there are persons that are likely not

Black People and Aunt Alexandra Essay Example for Free

Black People and Aunt Alexandra Essay 1. How does Jem change? Be specific. a. Page 115-Scout explains that Jem doesn’t want her hanging around him all the time†¦Ã¢â‚¬ stop pestering me. † And Calpurnia begins referring to him as Mister Jem now, a title usually reserved for adults. b. Page 116-â€Å"Jem developed a maddening air of wisdom that summer. † Meaning that he is rational now and understands things†¦not like a little kid anymore. He helps to put things into perspective for Scout that she doesn’t understand. c. Jem is growing up. He is trying to make sense of things he sees, trying to be like Atticus, and trying to put behind him childish games and youthful pranks. Consequently, sometimes he is moody and sometimes occasionally seems to lord his authority over Scout. 2. What are the minor disappointments that start the summer for Scout? What do they foreshadow? a. Page 115-116- READ ALOUD- Atticus got called to an emergency session of legislature, Dill is not coming to visit for the summer, and Aunt Alexandra arrives unannounced to live with them. b. These small disappointments foreshadow the trial of Tom Robinson. 3. What is ironic about Jem and Scout’s visit to Calpurnia’s church? Explain. a. Page 119-120- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- The children experience prejudice against them. They don’t possess prejudice and neither does Calpurnia. They are surprised when church goer Lula confronts Cal asking her how she could bring white kids to the black church. b. However, just as not all the white people are prejudiced, not all the black people are prejudiced. Zeebo and Reverend Skyes are both welcoming to Scout and Jem. 4. Everybody is beginning to tell Scout to act like a lady. How is it ironic that her church and Calpurnia’s church deliver the Impurity of Women doctrine every week? a. Page 122- This is ironic because everybody wants her to be like a lady, but then they discuss the evils that women bring on the world throughout the Impurity of Women Doctrine. This is confusing for Scout. 5. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? Why is this important? a. Scout learns that Cal leads a separate existence from her household and taking care of her and Jem. Scout sees that Calpurnia speaks a different way around her people than she does with Jem and Scout. This is important because it helps Scout learn to continue to try to see beyond just her world. 6. Why is it unfair that blacks are not allowed to go to school, but the Ewells are? Explain. a. Page 124- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- The Ewells are trash people and no good who walk out of school, but the blacks really want to learn and would go to school regularly. 7. Why did Aunt Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you think this is true? What do you think her real reason is? Explain. a. Page 127-She felt Scout needed a feminine influence. b. She was probably asked to come by Atticus to watch the kids while the trial is going on and try to help them absorb and shelter them from some of what is going on. 8. â€Å"Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. † Explain. a. Page 131-132- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- Aunt Alexandra knew all the proper social things to do and say, and she knew a great deal of the history of the local families. She joined some clubs and entertained at her home, and generally did fit right into town’s society. However, Alexandra didn’t understand or agree with the values by which Atticus was raising his children. Therefore, she did not understand the children’s behavior. Because their value systems were different, they were more often than not at odds. English 10RName ___________________________________ Ms. GlassTKMB- Study Guide Chapters 12 and 13 Directions: Read chapters 12 and 13 and answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. How does Jem change? Be specific. 2. What are the minor disappointments that start the summer for Scout? What do they foreshadow? 3. What is ironic about Jem and Scout’s visit to Calpurnia’s church? Explain. 4. Everybody is beginning to tell Scout to act like a lady. How is it ironic that her church and Calpurnia’s church deliver the Impurity of Women doctrine every week? 5. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? Why is this important? 6. Why is it unfair that blacks are not allowed to go to school, but the Ewells are? Explain. 7. Why did Aunt Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you think this is true? What do you think her real reason is? Explain. 8. â€Å"Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. † Explain.

Cultural Background Knowledge And English Teaching Cultural Studies Essay

Cultural Background Knowledge And English Teaching Cultural Studies Essay Language is a mirror which reflects the entire culture, and every nation has its own culture. Language learning is inseparable from the understanding of cultural background knowledge. Cultural background knowledge is very important in language teaching. Here I want to talk about the relationship between them and how to teach. I. Introduction Language is a product of society, cultural differences led to many difficulties language learning, if you want to learn English as well, you must grasp cultural knowledge. Language learning is inseparable from the understanding of cultural background knowledge. It is necessary for teachers to pass on cultural background knowledge to students. II. Cultural  background  knowledge  and  English  teaching 1. Problems aroused by different cultural backgrounds Cultural plays an important role in language. They are linked closely. Different countries have different languages and cultures. Because of cultural differences, misunderstandings may arise, although the language used in communication may be faultless. The same words or expressions may not mean the same thing to different peoples. Because of cultural differences, a serious question may cause amusement or laughter ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ºA harmless statement may cause displeasure or anger. On the one hand, without language, culture would not be possible. On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture; it reflects culture. Each culture is unique. Learning a foreign language means more than merely mastering the pronunciation, grammar, words and idioms. It means learning the ways in which their language reflects the ideas, customs, and behavior of their society, learning to understand their language of the mind. Learning a language, in fact, is inseparable from learning its culture. In china, dragon means lucky, but in the foreigners eyes dragon is the embodiment of evil. In China, we can free to ask a persons age, salary, or an items price, in the West, this is very impolite. A foreign teacher see a female student wearing a beautiful dress, she looks very nice. The teacher said happily, You look very beautiful today! The girl said shyly, No, no. This is an ordinary dress. The teacher praise a students English is pretty well, Your English is quite fluent. The student at once modestly said, No, no, my English is quite poor. The two Students answer is that the teacher never thought; and the teacher doesnt understand is that obviously female student wears the dress which looks pretty, the second students English is very good, but why both of them say, No. They make the teacher feel that they dont have their own opinions and dont know how to distinguish what is good, what is bad. A student, he met a foreigner in the park, he would like to practice his own spoken language, he said, Whats your name? What are you doing here? Follow me! The foreigner confused and thought that he did something wrong, and he had to be arrested and inquired. At last, let us see the following dialogues in many textbooks: 1. A: Whats your name? B: My name is Xiao Hong. A: How old are you? B: Im eleven. 2. A: Where are you going? B: Im going to the zoo. In china, when people meet each other, they always say, Where are you going? Are you out? although people do not want to know where you go. All the above dialogues, although forms are correct, they are not appropriate. So in language teaching, we should not only pass on knowledge of language and train learners competence of utilizing language, but also enhance teaching of relative cultural background knowledge. 2. Importance of cultural background knowledge in language teaching As we all know, Language is a part of the culture, they can not be separated each other. Therefore its necessary to understand the cultural background knowledge. In Modern high schools, the teachers mainly cultivate ability in listening, speaking, reading and writing, the ultimate aim is to train students to use English communicate with each other, the four aspects are inseparable from the cultural background knowledge. Without language, culture would not be possible. Language is influenced and shaped by culture; it reflects culture. Some people say that listening is an important aspect of communicative competence. Listening ability, reading ability, the listeners language skill, cultural background knowledge, thinking skill are closely related. If the language capability of the listener is relatively strong, but he knows a little cultural background knowledge, it is difficult to understand the meaning of the listening materials, even he makes a mistake in understanding. From this, culture plays an important role in English teaching. Speaking is not merely concerned with pronunciation and intonation. Students can only improve their oral English and reach the aim of communication by means of enormous reading, mastering rich language material and acquaintance of western culture. Therefore, in oral training, teachers should lay stress on factuality of language and adopt some material approaching to daily life, such as daily dialogues with tape, magazines, newspapers and report etc., because the material is from real life, and it helps students to be well acquainted with standard pronunciation and intonation, to speak English appropriate to the occasion, to understand western way of life and customs etc. Otherwise, misunderstanding and displeasure are inevitably aroused. In English, there are so many euphemisms that sometimes its hard to know the other ones actual mood. So we should pay attention to our answer. Reading English articles requires a certain language basis, but the competence of reading comprehension is not entirely related to ones language level. Knowledge of cultural background is also important. You can guess the meaning according to available language material, cultural background and logical reasoning. However, when we read English articles, differences between Chinese and western cultures often bring us many difficulties. People always recognize which kind of articles wrote by foreigners, which kind of articles wrote by Chinese. There are three main reasons, first, the writers English level is not so high, second, Chinese and western have different thinking ways, third, the articles style is very different because of different cultural. These three aspects show cultural play an important role in writing. In writing, we often use some modifiers to enhance the color of the article, and the articles are so vivid. Western thinks the magpie is not a sign of good luck, but Chinese think magpie is a symbol of celebration. People always say: Magpie call, something good will be happened. Therefore, cultural difference is the key that makes the articles be natural or not. If you want to achieve the level of writing of foreigners, you must grasp cultural background knowledge. Every aspects of language always reflects cultural, It means language learning and cultural background knowledge learning are not separate d. The content of cultural is very abundant, in the teaching process, the teachers shall explain cultural background knowledge in any time, make the students take language and cultural knowledge into listening, speaking, reading, writing skills, so as to the students can easily communicate with foreigners and read foreign materials. Translating and writing cant be separated from cultural background knowledge. We shall take the word dog as an example. To English-speaking people and Chinese, there are very different meanings. Lai Pi Gou and Sang JiaZhiquan are often used to describe disgusting people. But dog in English, especially in proverbs, is a commendatory term. If we translate dog into Chinese dog without exception, we may make jokes. For example: 1. Every dog has his day. 2. You are, indeed, a lucky dog., 3. Last night my father came home dog-tired. Because some learners are not well aware of the cultural differences, they take it for granted that the three sentences should be translated into the following: 1.à ¦Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ ¹-à ©Ã†â€™Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¦Ã…“†°Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ±Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¨Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¦- ¥Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ 2.à ¤Ã‚ ½Ã‚  Ãƒ §Ã…“Å ¸Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å" ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ ¹-à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ 3.à ¦Ã‹Å" ¨Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ §Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ… ¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¥Ã†â€™Ã‚ Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ ¹-à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¾-à §Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ In fact, the right translations are as follows: 1.à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¦Ã…“†°Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¾-à ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦- ¶Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ 2.à ¤Ã‚ ½Ã‚  Ãƒ §Ã…“Å ¸Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å" ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ 3.à ¦Ã‹Å" ¨Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ²Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ… ¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ©Ã‚ Ã… ¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ §Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ It is clear that cultural background knowledge is necessary in language teaching. Teachers should help students to solve the difficulties in language as well as in culture. Thus, teachers should further improve your quality of teaching. Especially you should teach cultural background knowledge as possible as you can. 3. How to carry out the teaching of cultural background knowledge Firstly teachers should choose proper teaching material. Especially the foreign material should be used, just like dialogues, next, teachers should explain cultural factors involved in the material with purpose. There is an example like this: Helen: Hello, Susan, where are you going? Susan: Im going to get a magazine and some chocolate. Helen: Lets go to that newsagent in the corner. I want some cigarettes. Susan: I want to go the one down the road. Ive got to send off this parcel and there is a post-office in that one. It tells us in England some newsagentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡those shops not only sell sweets and cigarettes, but also install post office where people can send off letters and parcels. But in China, there are not such shops. If teachers dont explain for this, students may feel puzzled. Secondly, Teachers should take cultural background knowledge and English teaching into four aspects of language learning, they are listening, speaking, reading, writing skills. Teachers should give some information about cultural background knowledge in listening course. A lot of students listening level is not so high, not only because they do not grasp English words and their grammatical concept is unclear but also they dont have cultural background knowledge. There are two jokes here: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚  A: Where are you from? B: Ill ask her (Alaska) A: Why do you ask her? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡A: Where are you from? B: How are you? (Hawaii) In the two jokes, to A, B do not understand question, but if you know the United States has two states: Alaska and Hawaii, then A will not make a mistake. From this, in listening course, teachers give cultural background knowledge to students, not only enhance the listening skill of them, but also enable students to obtain knowledge. In reading course, teachers should explain cultural background knowledge. If you want to read, you must have English basic. Cultural background knowledge is so important. Thirdly, in the classroom, teacher should pay attention to proper language forms as well as suitable use of language. One way of classroom teaching is to ask students to make similar dialogues to the text. A student inevitably needs to play a role and carry on a conversation according to a certain role. Teacher should attract the students attention to his role and point out his expressions which are improper for his character or the occasion. Furthermore, remind students to pay attention to details such as pronunciation, intonation, countenance wording, gesture etc. Fourthly, teachers should use good native English videotapes and films in teaching, and then organize discussions. Teachers should use pictures, movies in teaching, students can easily understand some cultural background knowledge, and Western social and cultural factors. Fifthly, encourage students to communicate with native English speakers. But so far, we havent carried out such activities enough. In contact with native speakers, in such relaxed conversations, students can learn much knowledge, which cannot be learned in the classroom. Sixthly, hold some lectures about cultures and customs, comparing Chinese culture with western culture. In teaching, teachers should pay attention to cultural differences and study these differences. As English teachers, we should not only help students to learn a foreign language, but also to learn social and cultural background knowledge. Only so, students can widen their knowledge and thus further learn English well. III. Conclusion Language is a mirror which reflects the entire culture, and every nation has its own culture. Language learning is inseparable from the understanding of cultural background knowledge. Language is a product of society, cultural differences led to many difficulties language learning, if you want to learn English as well, you must grasp cultural knowledge. It is necessary for teachers to pass on cultural background knowledge to students. In short, there are great differences between Chinese and Western culture, language and culture are inseparable, if you do not understand the foreign language and cultural background, you can not correctly understand and use language. Not only enable students to master the basic knowledge, but should also strengthen cultural Background Knowledge in teaching, so that they learn and come from different social background, cultural practices, political systems of the people live in harmony, so as to really reach in English teaching purposes

Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein Essay

In Chapter 5, Frankenstein brings the monster to life. Shelly uses a typical gothic method of mimicking Frankenstein’s disgust for the creature with weather, â€Å"the dreary night of November. † Frankenstein is appalled at his creation despite that the monster’s â€Å"limbs were in proportion† and he â€Å"had selected his features as beautiful†. Frankenstein then describes the creature in such a way that the reader learns that although Frankenstein attempted to create beauty but is faced with the disgusting looks of the creature. â€Å"†¦ his hair was of lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his†¦ shrivelled complexion and straight black lips. † Shelly uses an ironic contrast of life and death in describing the monster, using elements like â€Å"yellow skin† which is relevant to a new – born baby with jaundice and â€Å"straight black lips†, which is relevant to a dead body. She also uses descriptions like â€Å"shrivelled complexion† which is relevant to both a baby and a corpse. The creature also reacts to life as a new – born baby does. â€Å"It breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs. This contrast is effective in showing the reader the irony in the fact that new life is given to parts of the dead. Shelly effectively describes the creature with enough detail to allow the reader to interpret the creature’s appearance individually and also empathise with Frankenstein. Frankenstein has been disillusioned whilst creating the monster, but when it becomes alive, he is faced with its ugliness and abandons him. This is not an example of unconditional love and links in with Elizabeth’s arrival into the Frankenstein family. â€Å"Oh! No mortal could support the horror of that countenance. A mummy again endued with animation could not be more hideous as that wretch. † The memory of the shock of the monster’s looks is very powerful to Frankenstein and Shelly portrays this by using words like â€Å"Oh! † when Frankenstein is telling Walton his story. Frankenstein has a dream after creating his monster in which, as he kisses Elizabeth, she turns into the corpse of his dead mother. â€Å"I embraced her, but as I imprinted the first kiss on her lips, they became livid with the hue of death. I thought I held the corpse of my dead mother†. This dream shows that Frankenstein has subconscious fears of harm coming to his family, which does actually happen later on in the novel. The dream is an effective example of foreshadowing, another typical gothic technique effectively used by Shelly. The reader could also interpret that the dream foreshadows Frankenstein’s fears of creating the monster a â€Å"wife†. It presents the idea that although Frankenstein first thinks that building a companion for the monster will keep his family safe, the consequences could be much worse if he does as it is possible that the creatures will breed. The monster is not reunited with its creator until several months later, where he tells Frankenstein of the hardships of life he has endured as an abandoned and disfigured child. â€Å"Father† and â€Å"son† meet in the mountains; this location could be interpreted as an effort by Shelley to use the mountains symbolically, showing Frankenstein’s guilt for abandoning his â€Å"child† or as the towering glaciers threatening Frankenstein; telling him that nature is not to be toyed with by man. The creature learns that humans should have families by reading a book that he finds whilst living near the French family he grows to love. He meets a blind man from the family who treats him with kindness, but when the rest of the family see him, they drive him from their cottage with stones. This teaches the monster that people hate him for his ugliness and therefore develops a hatred for his creator for making him so ugly. Upon meeting Frankenstein, the creature makes a direct relationship between the bad parenting and upbringing he endures with his own desire to harm others when he claims â€Å"misery made me a fiend. † Shelley uses this line as a blatant point that bad parenting will result in evil.

Character Analyzation “The guest” Albert camus Essay

Albert Camus’ story â€Å"The Guest,† takes place in the rough terrain of Algeria at the end of World War II. Algeria, under French control at the time, was very tense due to civil unrest of the Arabic people. The protagonist of the story is Daru, a solitary French schoolteacher who lives at a school on a remote plateau that has been deserted due to a freak snowstorm after eight months of drought. Two minor characters, a French policeman, Balducci, and an Arab prisoner arrive at the school. Balducci commands Daru to deliver the prisoner to nearby authorities but Daru has a conflict over the decision of whether or not to take the Arab to prison. In the end, Daru leaves the decision up to the Arab. The Arab, being a flat and seemingly static character, somehow contributes significantly to the existentialistic nature of Daru’s character and his actions. The author, an existentialist, tells the story with an indirect presentation. The central idea appears to be there is an inherent conflict between what different cultures view as morally right. We will analyze how the round/flat and dynamic/static qualities of the characters as well as the presentation affect the story’s central idea. Daru’s character, as the protagonist, is very round. In this story, Daru lives at a remote and solitary schoolhouse plagued by silence. Daru is confronted by the decision of whether or not he should deliver an Arab prisoner to the French authorities. We learn the prisoner is in custody for murdering his cousin over grain owed. The flat character, Balducci, represents the French authority and its moral code; while the Arab’s culture seems to permit this act: â€Å"His village was beginning to stir; they wanted to take him back† (105). Balducci gives his fellow Frenchman Daru an obligation to deliver the prisoner. Daru, who is utterly disgusted by the actions of the Arab, does not want to take him to police headquarters because of his existentialist beliefs: â€Å"Every bit of this disgusts me, and first of all your fellow here. But I won’t hand him over† (106). â€Å"That man’s stupid crime revolted him, but to hand him over was contrary to honor† (110). We can see that Daru is torn between what is actually right or wrong. He wants the Arab to run because he doesn’t want to make the choice himself. â€Å"He was amazed at the unmixed joy he derived from the mere thought that the Arab might have fled and that he would be alone with no decision to make† (107). Daru’s character is very dynamic. At first he refuses to bring the Arab to justice due to his existentialist beliefs. We can tell that Balducci looks down on the Arab while Daru, views him more humanely. Daru insists that the Arab doesn’t need to be tied up. Balducci’s character is static. He claims he doesn’t like putting ropes on prisoners but concludes by saying â€Å"But you can’t let them have their way† (106). Daru insulted Balducci by not wanting to comply with him. Later remembering Balducci’s farewell, he reveals â€Å"He had hurt him, for he had sent him off in a way as if he didn’t want to be associated with him,† and â€Å"he felt strangely empty† (110). The Arab’s character remains somewhat static throughout the story. The Arab got up several times the night before, as if almost wanting to escape, but came back in. With the task of delivering the prisoner at hand, Daru’s final choice is t o let the Arab choose his own fate, which was totally not what Balducci intended. The Arab does what he feels is right, or what he feels the governing society feels is right. He complies with French law, while ironically, Daru didn’t. The presentation is also very important in supporting the central idea of this story. A major revolt against the French colonists was about to take place. French control and law was in question. Should one culture be able to dictate laws upon another culture just because it is temporarily the governing body? In the meantime, Daru cooked for the Arab and ate with him, showing him trust and compassion. The Arab was surprised that Daru was eating with him. We can tell the Arab was scared and wanted Daru to go with him. During bedtime, Daru slept naked near the prisoner. This shows that Daru was letting down his guard: â€Å"Men who share the same rooms, soldiers or prisoners, develop a strange alliance as if, having cast off their armor with their clothing† (109). He watched as the prisoner quietly crept out of bed. The Arab was very nervous and got up several times, but Daru didn’t do anything. He was still hoping the Arab would escape so he wouldn’t have to deal w ith the whole situation. The next day the two hiked down the plateau towards the jailhouse. There, Daru showed the Arab the path to the prison, but also showed him the way towards pasturelands where nomads lived: â€Å"They’ll take you in and shelter you according to their law† (111). The Arab  ultimately chose the fate that French law had dictated. When Daru went back to the schoolhouse, he read a message on the chalkboard, â€Å"you handed over our brother, you will pay for this† (111). Here again, we see a conflict of views. Daru, upon not making a choice, inadvertently committed a crime amongst those people. Throughout the story, Daru referred to the Arab as the â€Å"guest.† The irony of this story is Daru is actually the stranger in a strange land while we might perceive the Arab as the â€Å"guest.† In conclusion, we see that different cultures have conflicting views about what is right and what is wrong. As an existentialist, Daru let the Arab decide his own fate. Daru felt if he took the Arab to jail, it would be wrong. He also felt if he told him to go free, it would be wrong against the French authority. Because Daru acted by not acting, he unintentionally committed a crime against the Algerian people. Ironically, Daru was in a catch 22.

Case about Yahoo essays

Case about Yahoo essays 1. Success as a Web Search Engine a. Why was Yahoo! such an early success on the Web? Yahoo was an early success due to a combination of factors such as timing, hard work, and a good understanding of Web surfers tastes and needs.. In early 1995, Net mania was just flowering. It was a great time to be a young entrepreneur with an Internet idea. Dave Faldo and Jerry Yang saw a consumer need for classifying and differentiating web sights. Resting the urge to automate this process, Yahoos founders instead chose to manually perform this search, reviewing and classifying roughly 1000 sights a day. This approach combined with their decision to offer a free service lead to early success. b. Why was Yahoo! more successful as a search engine than other, more technically superior search engines? Yahoo!s search engine was designed to be both reliable and streamlined. The design was simple so it would pop up quickly. Its focus was on quality, not quantity. Yangs comment that if you have 13 Madonna sights, you probably dont need a 14th rings true. Surfers choosing Yahoo! not only were provided reliable information, but they were not bombarded with 1000 sights to review. Additionally, Yahoo! provided a product that was appealing and fun to use. c. Why is the fact that Yahoo! spends money on people, not computers, one of the keys to their success? Yahoo!s founders business plan was to manually categorize existing web sights and provide a succinct list of quality sights to choose from. This human-created directory was all that distinguished Yahoo! from its competitors as Net euphoria swept the stock market in early 1996. Other search engines were throwing any sight that met the search requirements at the user. Yahoo!s concept saved the browser the time they would otherwise spend filtering out the garbage to find these quality sights. 2. Building a...

Ernest Hemingway about Writing Fictions

Ernest Hemingway about Writing Fictions Write Fictions like Ernest Hemingway The heritage of Ernest Hemingway is a remarkable phenomenon not only in the prose of the 20th century but also in the history of world literature in general. He created a big number of masterful stories which influenced the formation of many later known authors. Despite the fact that there is no Hemingway’s single book on the art of writing fiction created by him, literary critics and researchers found a lot of interesting things in his letters, articles and reviews of other books. Let’s take a look at Hemingway’s aces in the hole that made his style so unique. The best way to overcome a writing block is to start with one true sentence Hemingway mentions this method in his famous memoir A Moveable Feast, in which he argues that the truest sentence is an excellent means to start and promote a new story. According to him, there are no reasons to worry, as if you have created one true sentence about something you know or have experienced, you have a basis and can move on. Stop in the moment when you know what thing and events will take place next The great writer always pays extremely big attention to keeping the source of his imagination full, rather than writing a certain number of words per day. The prerequisite for making steady progress is to stop when the writing process runs smoothly and when you know for sure what will happen next. In this case, you won’t be exhausted as a writer and never get stuck. Think of the story only during working hours This point correlates with the previous one. Hemingway recommends not thinking of the story in the intervals between work sessions, in that way you are still subconsciously working on the story. Thinking about it consciously you make your brain tired and exhausted before the real work starts. Following Hemingway’s example, you can be distracted – exercise and thereby harden the body, or read a lot and find some food for thought. By the way, you shouldn’t completely empty your writing source; always leave something on the bottom. Reread the previously created materials to move on This rule is aimed to maintain the principle of continuity. Every day Hemingway read (and corrected if it was necessary) from the very beginning everything he had written, and only after that went further from the moment at which he stopped previously. Make an emotion instead of describing it Observation of life isn’t the only decisive factor for good writing, it’s better to consider it as one the most crucial points for creating worthy stories. You should watch some external changes in the world, notice what internal shifts occur in you and identify precisely what thing caused the emotion. If you can clearly define and depict it in the story, your readers will also experience the same emotion. In addition to that, you should keep balance and sequence of motion and fact in order to make the emotion valid right now, in a year or in twenty years. A pencil is the main means of writing For composing letters or magazine articles Hemingway often used a typewriter, but when he dealt with serious work he preferred a pencil. Hemingway explained that while working with a pencil writer gets three different sights at his work – when reading it over when it’s typed and in the proof. The author can see whether the message sent to the reader is correctly perceived or make some corrections. Be brief Similar to Shakespeare’s Brevity is the Soul of Wit, Hemingway also preferred to be brief. He argued that prose writing has its own laws and they are strict and immutable as well as the laws of physics or mathematics.

Position Paper on Emergency Contraception Research

Position on Emergency Contraception - Research Paper Example Emergency contraceptive pills should be taken immediately after unprotected sexual intercourse or within a time period of 72 hours. These pills contain both estrogen and progestin. The minipills are birth control pills that only constitute of progestin (Trussell et al 1997). â€Å"When started within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse, a combination of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel is at least 75% effective against pregnancy.† (Glasier 1997 p.1058). Emergency contraception methods should be made available to women of all ages as it is an effective method of preventing unintended pregnancy. Especially availability of emergency contraception to young women of child-bearing ages is important in controlling pregnancy after unprotected sex. The consequences of unintended pregnancy are quite serious and are a cause of over-bearing burdens on the women and their surrounding families. This necessitates the importance and significance of emergency contraception in prevention of unwanted pregnancy. However, it is also crucial that enough information regarding its adverse effects, mode of action, uses and primary purposes should be provided to the general public. Between 1996 and 2002 the percentage of women who had awareness about emergency contraception and the percentage of women who had ever used emergency contraception increased. ... It has been observed that awareness about the emergency contraception is very inadequate amongst the women and such short-comings should be overcome by the health providing centers and professionals. Not only should emergency contraception remain available to women of all childbearing ages, information should be made available to the public to educate all women about the use, purpose, potential side effects and the availability of emergency contraception. View 1: Pro Emergency Contraception Young women should be educated on all of their options when it comes to contraception. They should be aware of emergency contraception methods and complete knowledge about these methods should be made available to them. In certain situations such as rape or birth control failure, knowledge about emergency contraception becomes particularly important in preventing unwanted or unplanned pregnancies. It has been observed through national surveys and health care surveys that public knowledge about eme rgency contraception is quite limited. A random survey of 1000 American women and 1002 men who were 18 years and above was conducted in 1994. It was estimated that Americans were not well informed about the emergency contraception methods. Only 1% had actually used the emergency contraceptive pills and 55% had heard of the pills. It was concluded that the aspects of availability and uses of emergency contraceptive pills should be made clear to the public and enhanced knowledge should be provided. Health care providers could play an important role as the general public relies on them for health information and awareness (Delbanco, Mauldon & Smith 1997). Unintended pregnancies can occur due to several causes and

Drugs and the effect it has on people in the U.S. And how it plays out Essay

Drugs and the effect it has on people in the U.S. And how it plays out in the media - Essay Example the check of drugs and their illegal use, there are many people who are either associated with the business of illegal drug trading, or are directly indulged in the bad habit of taking drugs. There have been many attempts to check the illegal trading and use of drugs, but the problem still persists due to some complex reasons. In today’s modern societies like that of America, people are facing various social and psychological problems. In such situation there is a higher risk of depressed people, getting involved in such devastating habits. According to the government’s â€Å"2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health†, over 22 million people, in America (about 9% of the total American population) is addicted to drugs. (Cooper) And the most bothering aspect of the issue is that the numbers are increasing day by day. With an exception of last one or two years (drug abuse Rate for 2010 was slightly higher than that of 2009 and a percentage point one higher than that of 2008) there has been a noticeable increase in the number of drug addicts in America. With the increase in this number, more part of society is being disabled and paralyzed. This has caused lot damage to economy and society. According to some old surveys, â€Å"in 1999, Americans spent $63.2 billion on illicit drugs: $37 billion on cocaine, $12 billion on heroin, $10.2 billion on marijuana, and $4 billion on other drugs.† (â€Å"Who are American’s drug users?†) The amount of such data in statics of drug users is rising continuously. The most harassing aspect of the issue is that the increasing numbers of drug addicts not only cause economical loss to U. S., but also causes social problems in the community. Today, more and more part of the community is being completely paralyzed by the promotion of drugs and their abuse. With the increase in number of drug addicts, there is a need of more funds and budget, that can be spend on controlling drug abuse. The American government has to concentrate on