Sources of Middle East terrorism. How and why did Isis form Essay

Sources of Middle East terrorism. How and why did Isis form - Essay ExampleThe power of ISIS has grown over the last three years, especially with the stem of the Arab climb up, to such an extent that it has been able to directly challenge some governments deep down the Middle East and give away significant territorial and strategic gains against them. These advancements have made it essential for studies to be conducted concerning this organization as nearly as its rise. ISIS came into existence because of diverse factors, which include political, economic and organizational factors that have turned it from a underage jihadist force into a potential state.ISIS was formerly known as al Qaeda in Iraq and it was form after the American invasion of Iraq as a means of opening an al Qaeda mien within this country. As an al Qaeda franchise, this organization took most of its direction from the leadership of the latter and it is by financial support from al Qaeda that it was able to gain a lot of strength within Iraq (Fishman 46). Its founder, Abu Musab al Zarqawi, swore allegiance to al Qaeda and it as under his leadership that this organization was able to figure a powerful network within Iraq. However, the United States and its Sunni allies were able to destroy this organizations influence in Iraq and kill al Zarqawi, essentially eliminating it as a serious threat (Phillips 64). However, the Arab Spring gave this organization a new lease of life as it joined other jihadist groups in Syria in the fight against the Assad government. The result was that it increasingly took on a more radical approach and it came to a flow where it came into direct conflict with another al Qaeda affiliate, the al Nusra Front. The conflict between these two groups showed the appear cracks between al Qaeda in Iraq and the leadership of the al Qaeda organization and this relationship was wiped out(p) abruptly when the latter broke off all associations because of the extreme and brutal nature of the former. It

Code of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Code of Ethics - stress ExampleMy center values are respect, integrity, responsibility, and fairness. Respect is important to me because I honor all individuals as human beings with dignity. Respect is essential in having a good life because, if I see each one as equal, I will not mistreat or abuse anyone. Furthermore, respect nitty-gritty being open to and tolerant of differences. If I respect lot, I do not need to lunge my beliefs and values on them. I will not also unfairly judge them, which avoids prejudice and discrimination. equity is my second core value because it means being honest in what I say and do. fairness is important to living a good life because I can earn and protect the presumption of people. I will also feel better about myself because my values do not engagement with my lay outions. Responsibility is the third core value that I find important because I want to be accountable for my decisions and actions. Responsibility is significant to a good life be cause I am proactive in setting goals and handling problems. Fairness is also an important core value because I want to be impartial by listening to others and having an open mind. It is valuable to a good life because it results to just processes and outcomes. My core values will help me live a good life because they will enable me to call on conscious of my ethical needs as a human being and to respect other people as beings with equal moral worth.I believe that I have good moral roughage because I live with integrity. Integrity is all about interconnecting my values, beliefs, attitudes, and actions. To be a person of integrity is to act according to my cherished values and virtues. The virtues that I aspire to cultivate and practice are connected to my compute of ethics. I want to embody the virtues of hope, justice, and temperance. By having hope, I see positive things in people and the future. I also contribute to a hopeful future through my actions,

What Does It Take To Lead Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What Does It Take To Lead Change - prove ExampleIt is the process of exploring ones own self-evaluation, thinking whether the way they acted in a particular situation is coif or not. Reflecting on ones own actions is important for business development. It is a must to mitigate our communication style, clarify our expectations and put into practice the various theories learnt. In fact there are some programs like the Ignatius exercises which use role modelling to focus on various critical issues, kindle the emotions of a person, get a response and help them reflect on the same. These exercises give a person a chance to act with more maturity and calmness if they face the same problem in certain life (Moberg & Calkins, 2001, p. 257 - 270). The project we selected to do was Eliminating Job Satisfaction. Our police squad believed it will help us to reckon the work environment in the corporate industry better and enable us to act as better managers because we will get to know what different types of workers expect from their management and superiors. My group project enabled me to talking to various types of people. What we found out was that, nearly half of the people excelling in todays corporate world do so because they did not have a chance to excel in their field of choice. I accomplished the meaning of the word identity workspace (Petriglieri & Petriglieri, 2010, p. 44 - 60) only by working in this project. The experience made me inquire if these people are so productive and capable in a field they have no like or dislike, how much they would contribute if they were only given a chance to work in their field of choice. Surely, the world would be a much better place with many an(prenominal) more inventions then. The push of our project was to reach out to at least a few people who are on the whole dissatisfied with their job and make them pursue their passion for their own happiness and the betterment of their passionate field. My group attended a workshop at the end of the project, which enabled us to reflect on what we have do so far. I got a chance to reflect on several incidents which took place throughout the project. The workshop instilled in me various reflections regarding the way I communicated to my peers, how I failed to make them understand some of my views and how I acted as a self-elected leader in some instances. The workshop did not teach us anything new, but helped us reflect on the way we acted throughout the project and question ourselves what would have been the outcome, if we have acted differently. There is a general notion that management studies will not be much useful, if a person does not have prior management experience. The idea was stressed by Mintzberg (2004) in his work. No matter how many hours you study volumes and volumes of management theories it isnt equivalent to one days experience of managing a team in the touchable world. Managing this project helped me understand this practically. I tried in every possible way to help my team but it only resulted in building more tension within the team. Communication within a group deals with the spoken and the unspoken, the verbal and the non-verbal, the explicit and the implied messages that are conveyed and exchanged relating to information and ideas, and Feelings (Group Dynamics, 2004). I understood where I went wrong and how communication was limited in our team while playing the reflective exercises in this workshop. I strongly felt the way I acted

Criminal Justice Agency Interventions with Female Offenders Essay

deplorable Justice Agency Interventions with Female Offenders - Essay ExampleHowever, in the recent past, there has been an increasing parity of female offenders, especially the female sex offenders. Unlike the traditional perception that females had motherly love to get up the males and children, it is shocking to note that an increasing proportion of females cozyly abuse other females, males, and children in the contemporary society. The types of sexual abuse ar numerous and vary with different situations. The reasons that move to the increase in such practices among the females be also not very clear. Besides, there is a high possibility that much of the sex-related crimes are not reported to the criminal nicety agencies. These are, thus, not included in the estimates by the criminal justice agencies. It is potential that many victims of sexual abuse suffer silently with place seeking the help of the authority. Over the years, various states fill enacted criminal laws to protect those that are vulnerable to the criminal malpractices from the perpetrators. The laws require that justice prevail and that the criminals be penalise for their wrong deeds. However, there is an increasing concern that the some of the criminals do receive more punishment than they de suffice. at that place are certain adverse consequences that the criminals face following the provisions of the law that may not serve to correct their behaviors as required. Besides, the poor perceptions that the public have on the criminals following a given law-breaking often do not allow the victims to transform into respectable members of the society. For instance, a woman that has committed a sexual offense to various individuals in the society may be viewed by the pubic as having a unique character compared to a male counterpart who has committed the same. Importance of recognizing What works and sex responsive camp in intervening with female offenders An effective criminal justice sy stem involves the cooperation surrounded by the government agencies and other actors like the community to ensure that the members of a given society are protected from criminal activities. Such a system ensures that justice is practiced in handling the criminals and the victims of the crimes. The criminal justice agencies promote social development in the society by alleviating criminal activities and subjecting the lawbreakers to the appropriate penalties. Different reasons could lead to one committing a criminal offense. This could be seen in the kinds of crimes and the frequency with which an individual commits the same crime. Irrespective of these varied factors, it is desirable that the agencies transform the individuals back to responsible members of the society. The criminal laws provide for rehabilitation of the criminals and preventing the subsequent and successive crimes. The laws support for proportional punishment to the criminals that can transform them into respec table members of the society. Besides, the crime suspects should not be harassed in the process of criminal investigation and in prosecution as this may lead to a agonistic submission to the law order. The criminal laws prevent the criminal justice agencies to abuse the criminals and suspects of criminal offenses. There are literatures that focus on what works in relation to the correctional treatment provided to the offenders of different gender. Some literatures pointed out that females have special needs different from the needs of the males. These

Nature Extracts Contribution towards Arab World Region Research Paper

Nature Extracts Contribution towards Arab cosmos Region - Research piece of music ExampleThe idea is to introduce nutritional products which are completely found on herb tea plants and shrubs. The only process of manufacturing the raw materials, purchasing the raw materials, manufacturing the herbal based products and finally, the distribution of the products are done among the Arab World countries. These processes could have been outsourced from the far eastern countries like India, Japan, and China, but that would not lead to the generation of employment in the Arab region. This research project lays out the plan of how to carry out the above processes and what problems are to be encountered. The key out of the company that is taking the entrepreneurial initiative is Nature Extracts. The product lines chosen are general vitamins, products specialised for sports and nutrition, protein supplements, and diet vitamins and medicines. The product lines are all herbal based (Acs 200 3). The idea is to manufacture the herbs and shrubs and the medicinal plants in Egypt, Oman, and Libya, process or manufacture the semi-finished products in Egypt, pack them there and ship the products for distribution to regions like Qatar, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Saudi-Arabian Arabia. The problem is that not all regions fit for growing the herbal and medicinal plants. Apart from that, there is a problem of transporting the raw materials to the plants for furthering processing. The choice of the right distributing partner and channel is another problem. The initiative to open herbal and medicinal plants is already in the direct competition with the more contemporary medicines and nutritional products (Baumol 1988). The herbal based nutritional and medicinal products are considered to be traditional medicines. So in certain Arab regions where there is the hefty influx of aid provided by different international humanitarian groups like Red Cross and the WHO with modern-day nonher bal based medicines, it will take more than just a sincere effort to make the virile presence in the market. 5. Hypothesis The hypotheses are formed to negate the assumptions formed in the null scheme with appropriate reasoning and logic. The hypotheses are formed according to the importance of the factor.

Case2.1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case2.1 - Essay ExampleThe first is that the hospitals showed that they were committed to decreasing the delays that could potenti aloney occur during the treatment process. The next thing that was observed was that the senior management actu ally supported endeavour that would lead to improvements. Additionally, there are protocols that each of the hospitals followed, but they were open to revamping the protocols as needed. Another characteristic that was seen among all of the hospitals is that they worked together as a team. The nursing staff worked with the cardiology staff, and with who all worked with the emergency staff. It was also observed that the hospitals all had the capability of real-time feedback in order to measure the success of the treatment. Lastly, but not any slight important than the other characteristics, the hospitals demonstrated that they had an organizational culture that allowed the hospitals to be flexible when it comes to setbacks. Overall, these hospit als demonstrated characteristics that hospitals across the rude should look at to help improve their door-to-balloon treatment time as these hospitals have managed to do.

Journal #6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal 6 - Essay ExampleI resolved to create my own date to be doing this so as non to interfere with other plans of the day. My resolve was to be waking up at 4.00 am every day instead of 5.00. Within that time, my scores improved tremendously. However, after 2 terms, I grew weary and got bored and slowly by slowly let go of the good practice. I am now back to the average student that I was. This was mainly caused by laziness and the intuitive feeling of giving up quickly and it may have a negative impact to my future prospects. If I improve on it, I am sure I heap proper to the highest level at bottom my fields of interest.One of my self-defeating thought patterns is that that I endlessly think that I will neer make it to the best footballer I once dreamed I will be. With such a noble dream in mind, I keep trying my best in the field do extra drills than my other team members, watch stars play and try to forge an identity with them, but something always tells me that this is all in vain. Although an average player, I know that if I work hard I can emerge the star that I always dream to be. However, these noble thoughts are always shattered onward by this disheartening thought that always reminds me of my failing destiny. Whenever this thought comes, I find myself not doing my best. I once lost a clean penalty kick that would determine whether our team wins or not when this thought emerged in my mind at that time. Such feelings come about to the ease with which I relent. I feel that I will be always a loser if such feelings keep access to me. However, I am bound to improve and come out as a successful mortal if I work hard to overcome

The Composer Bela Bartok Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Composer Bela Bartok - Research Paper ExampleIV. proboscis Passage-III This carve up will contain a discussion about the people and their tastes during the times as well as the major(ip)(ip) influences in Bartoks life and a coincidence with other famous composers who lived during that period of time. V. Body Passage-IV This passage will dwell on the composing style of Bartok, a discussion of his inspirations, a comparison with other musicians, his major innovations in composition etc. VI. Conclusion The conclusion will recapitulate the major points included in the topic sentences of the body passages, restate the thesis, and sum up the essay. Bela Bartok Bela Bartok was born on twenty-fifth March 1881 in Baratian, a small town in Hungary. Bela Bartok (1881-1945), the great Hungarian composer, was one of the nigh significant musicians of the twentieth century (Hughes & Vetter 2007, 21). His father Bela senior belongs to a lower noble family of Hungary though his baffle Paula hails from a Roman Catholic Serbian family in Serbia. At the untimely stage itself, Bela started showing genius for music and often attained rhythms that his mother played on easy. This was before he could even the right way speak. At the age of 4, he played 40 pieces on the piano and his mother recognizing his Calibre began belief him formally. Bela was a sick child till the age of 5. He suffered from eczema. At the age of 7, he woolly-headed his father, and his mother shifted to Pozgony along with him and his sister Erzsebet. At Pozgony, Bela who was then 11 years, gave his first recital in public, that in like manner his own composition which he did 2 years ago. Immediately after this, Laszio Erkel accepted him as his pupil. Bela graduate from grammar school in 1899. Up to 1903, he studied piano and composition at the Royal honorary society of music in Budapest. At this academy Bela met Zoltan Kodaly, who totally influenced him, and remained his life long friend and co lleague. His first major orchestral work, a symphonic poem, Kossuth, depicting the hero of Hungarian Revolution of 1848, came out in 1903. Bartok displayed his lie with for music when he was only a child. It is said that even before he started talking, he could distinguish between different tunes of dance rhythms his mother played on the piano (Bela Bartok n.d.). He was influenced in his early work by the music of Richard Strauss whom he met him in 1902. Then in 1904, in a pass resort, he overheard Lidi Doza sing folk songs and this marked the beginning of his life-long dedication to folk music. He was also influenced by Claude Debussy, the French Composer. Belas style of orchestral work resembled those of Johannes Brahmas and Richard Strauss. He wrote a lot of small piano pieces showing great interest in folk music. The first of such piece was the String quadruplet No.1 (The String Quartets Bela Bartok 2008) in 1908. He became a piano professor at the Royal Academy in the year 1907. His famous pupils were Gyongy Samdor Fritz Reiner, Lili Knaus, Emo Balogh, Jack Besson and Violet Archer. In 1908, Bela and Kodaly jointly researched on old Magyar family Melodies. This collaboration coincided with the contemporary social interests in traditional culture. They discovered that Magyar Folk Music

Data Requirements Strategic Supply Chain Management Essay

Data Requirements Strategic Supply Chain Management - Essay ExampleWith these inwrought elements of the production process in the manufacturing of goods, the parts should be recorded in terms of the descriptions, brand and every opposite associated selective information.For instance, the term bill of significants may be apply by various parts of the initiative such as plan, manufacturing, service and sales although they may all have different definitions of what the bill of materials in reality means. Even the basic terms product and parts may have several definitions within an enterprise.Since a manufacturing company draw ins use of numerous parts, inventory will help them with communicating clearly with other departments as to which parts atomic number 18 still needed or which have defects and have to be replaced, etc.An legal manufacturing product data model can lead to more integrated and comprehensive product data and information by clearly showing the information req uirements of the products, parts and items throughout their life cycle from engineering to manufacturing to the deployment of products at customer locations.Relevant data which may be included in the record are the part identification number, name, and classification which may range from raw material, subassembly or finished good. Raw material is a piece used in making the product and does not need further enhancements for it to be usable. Subassembly means that the part is still composed of other parts. Finished good means that the part is completely done and processed and is ready for shipping. Product information need to indicate the product identification number, name, description, substructure date, sales discontinuation date, support discontinuation date and comments.Bills of materials and marketing packages are also part of the data required for manufacturing process. Manufacturers frequently use the term bill of materials to refer to how various parts are assembled into ot her parts and eventually into products. An enterprise may have a need to store parts used in a MARKETING PACKAGE that are never sold as individual products.Bills of materials consist of parent product identification number, child product identification number, from date, thru date, reason, quantity used, instructions and comments. Part writing has the same information with the bills of materials except for the classification which are engineering composition and manufacturing composition. Types of marketing offerings and types of parts that make up the marketing offerings are important and aside fro this inventory and deployment data should complete the data requirements for manufacturing process. Of course, in that location are actual physical items that may exist within the enterprises inventory or that may be deployed at customer locations. Customer service data requirements deals with customer personal data which ranges from financial information, demographics, mite informat ion professional and educational background. These customer data are confidential and restricted access is provided with the innovation and update of these records. While such point deployments bring immediate process and data efficiencies to the particular

The Logic of Suicide Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Logic of self-destruction Terrorism - Essay ExampleThe Hotel Rwanda burgeon forth is a co-production that focuses on political corruption, race murder and the repercussions of violent behavior. The film stars Don as hotelier Paul, who endeavors to salvage his colleague citizens from the ravage of the Rwandan genocide era. A brief go off of the genocide entails that the war originated from the tension betwixt the Hutu and the Tutsi whereby, bribes and other acts of corruption among the politicians were routine. As the political situation worse in the country, civil wars erupted in the region hence, displacing a large number of families.On the other hand, Scott McConnell interviews Robert concerning the persuasion that probed him to write the book. Robert clearly reveals his wealth with the information he had pertaining to terrorism and violence in various separate of the world (Anthony 18). He claims that religion is not to be held accountable for most of the suicide-terrori st attacks. In the dialogue between Robert and the American conservative, Robert also discusses the American and Iraq differences. This shows that suicide-terrorist attacks were quite pr ace in the Islamic countries and America. Robert notes that in every junction where a profession has created a suicide-terrorist movement, there is a religious difference between the occupier and the in use(p) community (Anthony 21).In conclusion, based on euphemism which is defined as a harmless phrase that substitutes an noisome one, we find that the film title used in this essay is euphemistic. The phrase Hotel Rwanda may mislead one to think that the film is correlated with a hotel in Rwanda while on the contrary the term refers to the genocide era in Rwanda where many lives were lost due to mass killings.

Death Penalty Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Death Penalty - Term Paper ExampleIt was mostly used in the ancient times, although many countries still use capital punishment. It has not yet been proved whether administering death penalization is effective in warnring crime (Beck et al 2007 p. 66). There are many reasons why death penalty needs to be abolished. This paper is a critical evaluation of these grounds.Capital punishment does not deter crime where it does not take time to plan it. This is because for a crime that does not take more or less time for the abominable to plan the offence, considerations about the consequences of committing it are usually absent. It is therefore not likely to bar such a person from engaging in crime. According to Charlie (2007 p. 68), the criminal will most credibly act upon the prevailing circumstances. Crimes such as murder committed under such situations should not be subjected to capital punishment if it is meant to prevent people from committing such crimes. Lack of certainty that an individual is rattling the one who committed a crime is usually a problem in many criminal justice systems.More often than not, people are punished because of crimes that they never committed. A good drill is the case of many death row suspects who have been freed after the realization of their innocence. This means that many vindicated people have been executed because they can not proof their innocence. The irreversibility of punishment through death becomes really painful especially if it turns out to have been meted out on a person due to unbecoming criminal justice systems. At times a person may be executed by mistake, which becomes problematic when the real offenders are known (Michael and Clarissa 2006 p. 85)The feelings of desertion, fear and regret cause a lot of wound and can have dire consequences on the relatives of the convict. In a religious point of view, it is apparent that doing something damage to counter a crime does not

Criminal Investigation - Cover Identity and Story Assignment

Criminal Investigation - Cover Identity and Story - date ExampleThere were people who sold drugs there and were involved in other outlaw activities corresponding stealing, terrorizing people, and so on.We formed a gang of our own and started enjoying activities such as troubling and terrorizing people, stealing things and snatching gold from people. My mother was worried about my sisters and me. She enrolled me in a nearby school, but I always ran forward from there to join my friends.I got arrested thrice till now. Once because of a street fight when I was sent to childrens discard, then because of stealing and hitting a woman in the juvenile jail and then once more to juvenile jail because of breaking in a house. Otherwise, I am the good player at doing certain activities for which, I get away without being arrested. Every clock time when I was arrested, I met with new friends who supported me in my life. I started living away from my mother and sisters when I turned fifteen . I do not know anything about them now, as I lead a self-reliant life now.I do not like to live with family or friends, as I like a lonely and independent life. However, I enjoy drinking and playing games with friends. Previously, I was in California and I ran from there because I had a clash with some people who tried to wipe out me. I need a place to live and want some work so that I can earn something for my survival. I can also live with someone who is ready to accommodate me and I can do the work that he assigns me to whatever nature it is. I can do each(prenominal) the works that a person can do. I can sell products legal or black as I return already sold drugs before in California. Nevertheless, you know that I have left the place now, so everything here is new for me and I want someone to help me. bankrupt II In two to three pages, explain how you chose this identity and how you will make it work. How does it fit your association and experience? How will you remember y our story and keep your statements/facts consistent?I chose the identity of a criminal with the help of Kozols book, Fire in the Ashes Twenty-five years among the poorest children in America.

Paper on TV show Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paper on TV show - Essay ExampleThe heared shows argon a few of the many comedy series that are aired, however, this essay will be taking into consideration how each of these shows demonstrate the subversive potential of comedy which is to be able to portray austere issues or critique on an established norm or value of society, in a fashion that depicts both humor and elicits a response from the audience in the sense that they are made to ring about the issue or debate. the funniest, noblest comedy has always been rooted in hostility to oppression.comics virtually the world use their art to combat political and social tyranny in everyday vitality (Jenkins, Ronald S. 1994) Girls is an adult comedy show aired first on April 2012, since then it has released two more assuages to come on the flare that rose from the first seasons release. Although it is a comedy drama show, Girls like more or less every other comedy show, has the tendency to portray a subversive side of comedy, in fact, this peculiarity of comedies is shown in the very first episode of the first season, the pilot episode. In this episode, the protagonist, namely Hannah, a 24-year erstwhile(a) aspiring writer who lives in New York, is refused financial assistance from her parents. There is an argument while the family is having dinner and Hannah is finally refused any money from her parents for her future endeavors. This in itself is a somewhat common issue put in in households it portrays modern day reality where many households with parental occupants that are non financially secure, or do not have high paying demarcations, are unable to support their children sufficiently so that they may pursue careers that they wish to, in this case, Hannah who is aspiring to be a writer is obviously not experienced or skilled enough to be able to support herself, as is the case with every individual beginning a career. Her parents refusal to fulfill her financial requirements in a comical way, su ggests that Hannah belonged to that kind of financially insufficient household we find in society today. The pilot episode goes on to take up a an even more subversive position by showing that Hannah loses her already unpaid job or internship at a local publishing house, later on which eventually she releases her post traumatic emphasize with her boyfriend, Adam, with whom she frequently sleeps. This part of the episode describes how young adults get frustrated after facing a epoch or chains of failure and upsetting news and eventually end up performing acts that go against the norms and values of society. 30 Rock is another great comedy hit that was released in 2006 and has since then released some(prenominal) more follow up season for the fans. This show too has numerous instances where a potentially important issue or topic is discussed under the pretext of laughter. In episode 12 of the first season of 30 Rock, there is such an instance. The episode kicks off with Jack invi ting Liz to come with him to a particular(a) event, the birthday of Gerhardt Hapsburg. Jacks ex-wife, Bianca, spots the duo and goes over and Jack decides to pretend that Liz is his girlfriend, encouraging Liz to satisfy along. Jack then goes on to brag about so many women that he has been involved with after Bianca broke up with him. However, Bianca does not seem to be roused by Jacks long list of women that he has gone out with, instead she is shown to be jealous that Liz has been able to keep Jack talented all this time. This entire scene is

Information report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Information report - Essay ExampleThere be several voice communications used by the Indians such as Hindi and English. However, Hindi is the official and national language of the people (Manian 238). English is just a language of the few elites from other nations like the UK or the US. It, thus, became kind of challenging for us to communicate with just about people whom we required their labor. We needed workers who could founderle some move of our projects like removing dike from the construction sites to various landfills.India is alike a place where hierarchy is considered an important governmental element. It plays a key role in governing the behaviors of people in India, as well as, the office of every(prenominal) person in the Indian society. Hinduism and caste system in the region outline the roles of every person. I managed to notice that in our company, manual labor could only done by a peon. An absence seizure of the peon will mean no manual work done. This is a waste of time for most construction firms in India, including ours.Carrying out a business activity in India, including engineering, requires one to know the elementary etiquettes in greeting and meeting. Indians are well known with the use of Namaste in their greetings. In this case, people supply their palms together, mainly at the chest level with a slight head bow (Waters 109). Indians are also popular by modification and changing of names for individuals whom they consider their guests or visitors from abroad. Any guest bang the name, Singh will be called Sikh (Bose 53). In addition to that, receiving and issue of any material in an Indian community must be done using the right hand using the left hand is a show of disrespect to the other party.Generally doing business in India requires certain important considerations in the beginning and few days after the entry into the country. Since English is the international language used in commerce, it is recommended that deracina tion service be

To be Determined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

To be Determined - Essay ExampleCollier wastes little time stating that she felt wronged by Mr. Ducks poem and suggests that it is mayhap men who ar to blame for any perceived faults women may display. She describes a time when women were honored by men simply because they were women. During this Golden Age, women were revered as objects of desire and revered as givers of life. She speaks of a solar day and age when men labored and toiled so women could devote themselves to pursuits more in keeping with their sex. She suggests that is the men that ar at fault for ending the Golden Age, not women.Having established that perhaps mankind as a whole is at fault for their current attitudes toward women, Collier next seeks to establish the fact that women perform more of the same chores on the farm as men. She describes cheerfully threshing hay and working in the field alongside the men. By establishing womens participation in traditional labor performed by men, Collier is preparing to establish her authorship of inequality by going into detail concerning the labors expected of women that occur after the men are hibernating(prenominal) or at leisure. Women have countless chores around the household. When the men were in the field, women could stay home to do work such as caring for children, gardening, tending to domestic animals and preparing food for the family. But when women were called into service in the fields, they needed to help there in addition to all of these other duties. This results in a working day for women that begins very early and ends very late. Collier describes this inequality by speaking of waking as the stars are still shining and the men folk are still in bed slumbering and dreaming. (141-146) Though indite over two hundred and fifty years ago, Collier could have well been writing well-nigh the trials of modern women in the workplace. While men share more in domestic chores than they

Financial Performance Analysis Essay Example for Free

Financial Performance summary EssayThis bulge out work has not formed the basis for the award of any storey/ lambskin by Bangalore University or any other university. Name of the signal Mr. Jagdish Designation Place Bangalore meshing Guides Signature. This is to certify that this acoustic projection work title A study on the financial act of the AampS Inc. is based on an original project study conducted by Monisha Tirkey (07JJC08051) of BBM under the guidance of Mr. Jagadish K. K. This project work is based on original and has not formed the basis for the award of any microscope stage / diploma by Bangalore University or any other university.Monisha Tirkey hereby declare that this project work highborn A study on the financial performance of the AampS Inc. is based on the original project conducted by me under the guidance of Mr. Jagadish K. K. This has not been submitted earlier for the award of the award of any other degree / diploma from Bangalore University or any other university. Student Name Monisha Tirkey Registration Number 07JJC08051 Place Bangalore DateThe successful completion of this project would not have been possible without the guidance, help and timely assistance from a number of people. I should at the very outset say my gratitude to the almighty God for his wonderful end that brought me into this institution for my studies and for helping me throughout the project. I also thank HOD, Mr. Surendranath Reddy, who encouraged me to undertake this project. I express my sincere thanks to Mr. Jagdish, my guide, for the valuable help he extended in carrying out this project.

Love at First Sight Essay Example for Free

crawl in at First Sight EssayOne of the great questions surrounding social psychologists and everyday great deal by extension is whether or both individuals can fall in love at number one sight. This would imply that the non-verbal communication between the two in that moment was as difficult and passionate abundant to constitute love before having gotten to even speak to the other. To fall in love is to impart strong feelings of passion and attachment to another individual. Measuring what constitutes full love is unclear and debatable within circles, further generally agreed to be a very strong feeling that is dod. Love at commencement exercise of all sight can be described as a signal of the strongly grounded love that may be to come, but ultimately exists as a very strong first impression that cannot be predetermined to sustain itself as genuine love. There are many cues and ways in which two lovers may first lay eyes on each other that can generate such strong feelings similar to love. When the eyes meet and cannot be taken off of two individuals, this is certainly a sign that the two are at good odds of working out together.When in that location is a mutual astonishment of the other individual as shown in these signs and other signs, it can also create the impression that a man and a woman give go glove in hand when the very first impression is so strong and mutual. However, this is only a jump start. When two people are mutually taken aback by each other at first sight, this is a very positive sign as farther as the relationship goes. First impressions are huge, but this does not mean there is any predetermined ways of knowing this sensation of love will sustain itself in way that can universally be accepted as true love. both people may quickly have that they are not as compatible as they would wear liked to have believed or were drawn into believing. Through further interaction, they learn far more approximately each other a nd any kind of sustainable love is dependent on these future interactions and feelings remain as first presented.Many people would like to believe in love at first sight, and it makes sense why people who have had these feelings at first sight have on to verbalize long loved relationships. Whether or not one wants to call it love at first, the experience that one may interpret is still a powerful predictor of a more likely exit of true love. It is true that our intuition and the hunches we get can sometimes lead us to truth in our lives. In the case of love, it is a bit trickier because the desire for love along with common lust and the on the face of it meaningful non-verbal cues can easily create the sensation of love at first sight. Love is far too complicated to be treated and always assuming to be genuine and true, and never a sensation motivated by desires and perceptions within our often confused brains.However, there is no doubt that instances have occurred in which two believed they experienced love at first sight, but that love sensation precisely did not sustain itself in the end. Compare these stories to the one of people who it has worked out for, and one may find that the stories of the initial feeling of love at first sight are identical. Moreover, there is of course there is the potential for one?s own judgment and intuition at first sight to be accurate about loving another, but love is ultimately created by our minds and is not determined by the other. For that reason, there is not enough certainty in the universe and too many inconsistencies to prove a consistent trend in true love at first sight.

Ethical Consumption of Cell Phones Essay Example for Free

Ethical Consumption of Cell Ph matchlesss Essay1. world In just 30 age, mobile telephony has grown into a major global industry, with an estimated 5 one million million million use uprs around the world, comp ared with a total world population of around 7 billion people. season new subscriber growth has slowed somewhat in recent years, product turnoer remains high up, with over 1 billion new mobile bring forwards shipped in 2009 alone. This paper firstly examines the life cycle of a carrell phone, describing its stages from the extraction of the textiles to its disposal or re-usage possibilities. It in like manner discussed the ethical starts that impingement the environment and society. Lastly, two jail jail cubicle phone manufactures (orchard apple tree and Nokia) are being compared in terms of how they deal with environmental impacts.2. LIFE CYCLE OF A CELL PHONEStage One Extraction of Materials Mobile phones generally comprise approximately 40% metals and 40% plastics, with the remainder made up of glass, ceramic and other mis kioskaneous real(a)s. The diverges of a cell phone include the travel board, the liquid crystal display (LCD) and the reversible battery. The racing circuit board, which underwrites all of the phones functions, consists of copper, gold, silver, lead, nickel, tin, coltan, and zinc. The LCD, which is a flat-panel display where all the information and images appear, is made of glass or plastic. Batteries power the cell phone and, depending on the type of battery, may contain nickel, cobalt, zinc, cadmium and copper. Many of these materials are so called persistent toxins that remain in the environment for a long period of time, even after disposal. Furthermore, an important life cycle reflexion is the susceptibility required to extract metals from their respective ores. From an energy perspective, precious metals gold and silver and exceed the impact of copper. In fitition, the energy content of glass also has a signifi tummyt energy footprint, due to the high melt temperatures that are required during manufacturing.Stage Two Materials Processing Raw materials that go into making cell phones must first be processed before manufacturers chiffonier use them. For example, to make the plastic casing, naked as a jaybird oil inevitably to be combined with natural gas and chemicals. The copper utilize to make the circuit board and batteries has to be mined from the ground, heated and treated with chemicals and electricity before it eject be organize into wires and sheets. Stage Three ManufacturingThe individual parts of a cell phone separately go by means of and through a manufacturing process. The circuit board is shaped using plastics and fibreglass and thus coated with gold plating. The circuits and wires of the circuit board are soldered, glued and coated. The LCD is made with liquid crystals layered among glass or plastic. These layers include two polarized panels, with a liquid crystal solution between them. Light is projected through the layer of liquid crystals and is colorized, which produces the visible image. Batteries flip two electrodes (both made from a different metal) and each electrode is affected by a liquid material called electrolytes. When an outlet or a nonher outside electrical spring is applied, a chemical reaction between the electrodes and the electrolytes causes an electric current to flow and powers the battery. Stage Four result and TransportationThe transportation process and packaging of cell phones is seen as harmful to the environment. Transporting cell phones for distribution requires the use of fossil fuels for energy, which bed contribute to global climate change. While packaging protects products from damage, identifies confine, and provides information, excessive or enhancive packaging contributes to the waste that we produce. Packaging consumes valuable natural resources, such as paper (from trees), plastic (from ru de(a) oil in the earth), aluminium (from ore), or other materials, all of which use energy to produce and can result in waste. Some packaging, however, can be made from recycled materials. Stage Five Useful livingYou can extend the use of your cell phone by taking good care of it as in protecting it from damage by storing it in a case, avoiding dropping it, and keeping it out of essential heat and cold and away from water and other liquids. However, the materials that are used to make cell phones can potentially damage the environment and harm people. Therefore, it is important to reuse, recycle or properly dispose cell phones.Reuse Many organizations, including recyclers, charities, and electronics manufacturers, accept working cell phones and offer them to schools, community organizations, and individuals in need. Reuse gives people, who could not otherwise afford them, free or bring down cost access to new phones and this also extends the multipurpose lifetime of a phone.Recy cle Nowadays, many stores, manufacturers, and recycling centres accept cell phones for recycling. Some cell phones can be vexed and sold as refurbished phones, or parts can be used to fix phones. Some rechargeable batteries can also be recycled, as this way the recovered materials can be used to make new batteries and stainless steel products.Disposal However, about 40% of cell phones toss be sold as refurbished cell phones. These cell phones are shredded as well as smelted at a copper refiner. Many metals actually go back to their natural state. This process helps fill some natural resources and it is called above ground mining. Still, many cell phones are simply thrown in the trash and end up in landfills (buried in the ground) or incinerators (burned). Because cell phones contain metals, plastics, chemicals, and other potentially hazardous substances, they should always be recycled or properly disposed. Phones that are thrown away waste energy and result in the loss of valuabl e resources.This figure shows the cell phone recycling rate from 2007 to 2010 in the United Stated. Even though sales were the highest in 2010, the recycling rate did not correspond to the sales.3. good ISSUES 1. Energy Conservation The quantity of mobile phone usage increases any environmental impact of this product. Life-cycle compend conducted by the European Commission shows that energy consumption is the greatest impact, both during manufacture of components and during their usage. Nokia estimated that if 10% of ecumenic subscribers would unplug their chargers once their phone is fully charged, the energy saved could to supply 60,000 European homes for one year. Issues standardised wastage of energy due to overcharging and or mobiles left unplugged even after being fully charged needs to be addressed more. 2. Exploitation Illegal TradingThe material used in the manufacturing of the mobile phones is coltan, a heat resistant material found in the Republic of Congo. In the c oltan, mines there are children that oblige to work instead of going to school and many reputable companies buy this mineral. Companies have to resort to material provided by controversial circumstances. What is Coltan?Coltan, short for columbite-tantalite is a bronze ore comprising niobium and tantalum. The niobium-dominant mineral in coltan is columbite, and the tantalum-dominant mineral is tantalite. Niobium, whose leading producer in Brazil, is mostly found in the mineral pyrochlore whereas tantalum is extracted from the ore, tantalite and is created by smelting and tin mining in some places. Tantalum mineral is mainly mined in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Democratic Republic of Congo, China, Ethiopia, Mozambique and other central African countries. Coltan is important for manufacturing cell phones because it is in the capacitors that control current flow in the cell phones circuit board. When refined, coltan becomes a heat resistant powder, metallic tantalum which has unique p roperties for storing electrical charge. Mining ColtanIn the Coltan is mined by hit in the Congo by groups of men digging basins in streams by scrapping off the surface mud. They then slosh the water around the crater, which causes the Coltan ore to settle at the bottom of the crater where it is retrieved by the miners. A team can mine one kilo of Coltan per day. Most of these miners are children which are subjected to organic conditions. Therefore, a wareness has to be brought to these terrible working conditions by which these child workers are affected.Coltan financing war A recent report by the UN has claimed that all the parties involved in the local civil war have been involved in the mining and sale of Coltan. One report suggested that the neighbouring Rwandan army made US$250 million from selling Coltan in less than 18 months, despite there being no Coltan in Rwanda to mine. The military forces of Uganda and Burundi are also implicated in smuggling Coltan out of Congo for resale in Belgium. A report to the United Nations Security Council has called for a moratorium on grease ones palms and import of resources from the Democratic Republic of Congo, due to the ongoing civil war that has dragged in the surrounding countries. 3. Toxics go off disposal Environmental ImpactPersistent Bio accumulative toxins Persistent Bio accumulative toxins (PBTs) PBTs are particularly stark because they do not degrade over long periods of time, and can easily spread and move between air, water, and soil, resulting in the accumulation of toxins far from the original point source of pollution. Because PBTs accumulate in fatty issue of humans and animals, the toxins are gradually concentrated and are of great risk. Cell phone batteriesRechargeable batteries are rapidly changing as technological advances improve new power sources. Already 60% of rechargeable Batteries sold worldwide are used in cell phones. However, rechargeable currently have nephrotoxic constituents such as cadmium, as well as brominated flame-retardants. The total environmental impact from cell phone batteries depends on a batteries material composition as well as on the time cell phones are used before they are discarded. Therefore, many cell phone users replace their batteries at to the lowest degree once before retiring their phones LeadLead is a highly poisonous metal change almost ein truth organ and system in the body. It has been widely used in electronics as the uncreated method of attaching components to the printed wiring boards. Lead is a toxin to both humans and the environment. It is a common contaminant and can impact entire ecosystems. In humans, it affects the central nervous system, immune and vascular systems, kidneys, and the endocrine system, with serious personal effects on the development of childrens brains. Lead is also a possible carcinogen. It accumulates in the environment and has very high chronic and acute effects on microorganisms, plants, and animals. 4. SocietyIn past few years, the peg in the usage of mobile phones has tremendously increased, a large percentage of which are children. With the advancement of engine room with faster data rate and streaming videos, the youth has been given unlimited access to any contents on web. Restrictions should be established to prohibit children from accessing adult content. Also, mobile phones have been restricted to be used during driving as it has been one of the factors of road accidents.4. COMPANY COMPARISON APLLE vs. NOKIAHow do these companies deal with environmental impacts? This part of the paper compared two companies in the cellular industry, Apple and Nokia, and how these firms deal with environmental impacts. Although Apple is not tout ensemble a mobile devices producer, its further mobile phone, the iPhone, is very popular and widely sold. Nokia is a well know mobile devices producer, which was dominating the industry for a very long time. However, in past couple y ears they have faced tremendous difficulties catching up with the technological changes, and did not produce a vivid phone in time. Despite their rapid losses in revenues, they still operate in this market, and one of their latest smart phones, the LUMIA 800, is very alike(p) to the iPhone 4S. Both phones have similar hardware preferences and are comprised of similar materials. Now lets take a look at which companion is better off when it comes to sustainable task. Apple iPhone 4SApple generally says that their products are brominated flame retardant free, PVC free, mercury free, and that the glass they use is atomic number 33 free. All of these factors conclude in a positive result for Apple. Also, the iPhone releases a minimum of CO2 -gases. In fact, it releases only 1.2g of CO2-gases per hour, whereas a light bulb produces 48.4g per hour. This performance is due to the LED screen, as LED produces the to the lowest degree CO2 of all light sources. Furthermore, Apple has reduced the size of their packages of iPhones by 42%, which not only rapidly reduces the tally of materials necessary, but they can also ship 80% more boxes in each airline shipping container. That saves one 747 flight for every 371,250 units they ship. If you count in the amounts of fuel that is saved and add every aspect of this change together, it is clear that Apples Environmental Management is doing incredibly well. Their whole portfolio regarding environment is a perfect marketing strategy.They claim that all of their products are fully recyclable. This also includes the power conservation, which in this case is a Lithium-Ion battery. This battery is efficient and long lasting, which eliminated the necessity to replace the battery often. Despite this, there is no way the battery can be removed from the phone without unscrewing the body of the phone, for which you need ultra contract screw drivers. Therefore, nobody can actually recycle these batteries themselves, unless they return it to Apple or give their phones to a recycling company. Despite all of these positive factors, Apple still operates this business using very wild sales policies. They replace their products with twice as strong hardware every year and adapt the computer software to the new hardware, which makes the old products very slow and ultimately unable to use. This forces the customers to always buy the newest models, which eventually produces a lot of waste. Nokia LUMIA 800Although Nokia now has very strong environmental reporting, this whole process started only after the crisis the company went through. Despite this, the LUMIA 800 proves to be a very sustainable product. In Nokias reports, it is stated that the phone is BFR-free and PVC-free. The company also states that this phone produces 16kg of CO2 emissions per constant 3 years of usage. Equally divided this yields 0.6g per hour of use, however this is not very reliable because it depends on the way these emissions are meas ured. When it comes to packaging, Nokia still uses the big boxes. After almost 15 years, they still use the same size of the boxes loaded with papers which contribute to a large amount of material waste. All in all, both companies provide very detailed information about their business ethics, and both rank positively. Apple as well as Nokia lay a great emphasis on improving the environmental aspects of their products and processes in each phase of the product life cycle, from raw material acquisition till the end of the products useful life. Both companies state to have reduced their carbon footprint, while introducing new features and constantly improving their products. To conclude, it cannot be said which company performs better as each of them has its advantages and disadvantages.Taking all the above mentioned points into consideration, this paper aims to highlight the ethical issues of mobile phones. When buying a cell phone, most consumers do not even think about what impacts their choice can have on the environment the same applies to the disposal after the end of life. There are estimated 5 billion cell phone users which should be made more aware of the potential hazards of mobiles. They can cause environmental and health issues, causing CO2-emissions which increase the carbon footprint. Therefore, in conclusion, the choice which cell phone to buy should not only be based on cost and technical factors but also include environmental aspects.

Movies and Television Shows Should Include Better Role Models for Their Audiences Essay Example for Free

Movies and Television Shows Should Include Better Role Models for Their Audiences EssayIm sure it has happened raft of times. When you finish watching a movie and afterwards feel so inspired. This is a lot when the movie virtuoso was presented as someone we would ilk to be or has a personality that we approve. Sometimes it bathroom be other characters that ar lay outn to be change, attractive, and popular that also inspires us to mimic their personality traits. Movies muckle also prompt us to try certain activities. Of course this kitty be seen as the honorable side of media the fact that thither could be that one movie that has the power to influence someone to force a wear out person. But like almost e realthing, theres a downside to it too. The fact that media can be convincing in positive ways suggests that it can equally convey negative put acrosss as well. The way that movies or television shows portray their characters is something that definitely needs to be paid attention to. The contumacious heroes, senseless social statuses, and unhealthy activities characters deal in are all factors that depart influence the auditory sense. thusly it is important to consider whether it is worth presenting the characters in this way.A large majority of movies are presenting their characters as dark people, yet the people that allone would find themselves wanting to be. I believe that is wrong, thus movies and TV shows should include better role models for their audiences. Current movies portray military force without consequence, inaccurate representations of social statuses and social inter transaction, and encourage characters to engage in activities with more harm than wide. Many of the heroes in movies happen to be quite rebellious and are often involved in force play.Its usually the fact that theyre so involved in military unit that helps them obtain their self-possessed, heroic status. The characters we see as role models are a lways showing that furiousness can be used as a quick fix for conflicts to avoid negative consequences. K. A. Earles states, This depiction of violence increases the probability that violence will be one of the first strategies chosen by a child. Bandura, a professor in psychology at Stanford University demonstrated that preschoolers learn aggressive behavior by watching television. Three chemical groups of children were shown a film n which a man commands a human-sized doll to move, and when it did non he hit the doll with his fists, a mallet, and accordingly rubber balls. In other words, he used violence as an immediate strategy. Group one saw the man rewarded. Group two saw the fact end without reward or punishment. Group three saw the actor receive a verbal lecture. After watching the film, the children in groups one and two were seen to be conduct more aggressively than the ones in group three. This proves that the consequences characters find themselves facing has quite a strong impact on how the audience will act.What encourages violence even more is that it is often carried out by the hero in the story line who is then rewarded for his/her endorsement in violence. Such constant exposure to portrayals of physical violence, some of which viewers do not even recognize as violent, may dull a childs aversion to this behavior. says K. A. Earles. Reenactments of matter worldwide disasters such as terrorism scenes or brutal wars are one thing. But for a fictional superhero to battle and beat his enemies with realistic and bloody dramatizations is not a unassailable way to dream up kids.There arent many positive or useful characteristics of the role model heroes for the children to gain as well their charismatic and brave personalities but they express these lovely character traits through violence. They care for the ones who are in danger so they save them with violence. As they stand up to their enemy and begin to battle them they show out their br avery. These heroes are showing puppylike boys that if you are not strong plenty, not brave enough to endorse in a physical fight then you are not capable to be someone as amazing and powerful as they are.Physical efficacy is spotlighted while intellectual strength is forgotten. Sharon Lamb, a professor of mental health at University of Massachusetts-Boston surveyed 674 boys aged 4 to 18 to analyze trade trends for action figures and movies. This resulted in violence, emotional aloofness, and general hyper-masculinity organism the main contentednesss directors of these movies are promoting to young boys. This shows us that there arent many useful or healthy things these movies are promoting to their audiences. This scarce leads me to conclude that directors need to prize over the way they are presenting their heroes.Violence is not the only existing strategy. As well as action movies, there are the modern teenage soap operas. Ive noticed that these programs have a distorted p ortrayal of the theoretically existing teenage social statuses. There are always the good people and the bad people, the cool people and the lame ones. Although most television programs are to entertain, having a message or lesson for the audience to gain is also important. As mentioned earlier, the way the characters are portrayed is very meaning(a) to the audience since they are what influence the audience.There are the more obvious heroes which are the supermen in action movies but the less spotlighted ones in calmer, closer-to-reality programs. In these kinds of films, the hero would be a character the audience finds themselves admiring and bearing up to. This depends on the way the characters in the film are presented. A person who our society would admire and want to be has very precise but general character traits a confident, rich, bossy daughter who has an attractive appearance and good leadership skills. Its practically the same for boys.Societys material body of a pi cture perfect female or male is neglecting the many other personality traits of a human being that makes them a good and interesting person. Movies present the popular guy typically as someone who is necessarily good at sports for instance, and send the message to younger boys that if they are not good at sports they cant expect to be at the top of the theoretical social outperform regardless of other good qualities they can have. The same goes for girls. These films portray the popular girls as girls who are very narrowed down in their interests. Female adolescents are portrayed as being obsessed with their appearance. novel people are shown to be socially unaccepted. Intellects are frequently viewed as social misfits. These movies are support and strengthening societys distorted image of who the popular kids should be and contribute to a very inaccurate picture of what social interaction and social status is built on in reality. green girls or boys may start to suppose that if they are not what the cool kids are presented as in movies, then they will not be successful or liked. This is definitely not the kind of message that should be sent to the younger generations.Lastly, quite a few of the activities characters in movies or TV shows engage in are not healthy and do not set good examples for young teens. The usance of alcohol and drugs is always by the cool, popular kids who will then coax the kids and teens a part of their audience to try them at one point. Social Learning Theory suggests that children learn by watching, imitating, and assimilating. This only proves that the majority of the children that are exposed to media that is practically encouraging alcohol and drug usage will most belike try it in attempt to imitate their role models.Movies propel the idea of these bad habits being cool. With teenagers picking up their first cigarette as early as 14 forms of age, plain theres a problem. As many parents and adults may have noticed, kids/ teens are beginning to have a distorted idea of what sex is all about and media may be the main travail for their way of thinking. Many movies and shows portray it as a normal thing to indulge in, therefore teens are enacting what they see from the media and often end up being fraught(p) or contracting a sexually transmitted disease. A study was done on 75 girls in which half were pregnant.It was found that the pregnant girls watched more soap operas than the non-pregnant girls and were found more surprised when told that their favorite soap opera characters used any sex protection. According to the National Survey of Children, males who watched more television were found to be more sexually active than the ones who watched less television. Television may be a significant contributor to the sexual practices and attitudes of young people. tout ensemble of these things may be a part of a movie to show what its like out there but there must be some sort of proof of it being a bad t hing to no give out the wrong message.Having characters in movies continuously smoke cigarettes and never even considering the consequences of having sex may influence kids in a completely wrong way. All of these reasons strongly suggest that the role models portrayed in movies and television shows can influence the younger audiences in negative ways. If teenagers are continuously exposed to such behaviors their minds will adjust to thinking in a certain way and no matter how hard their loved ones will afterwards try to convince them that these activities are wrong, that these behaviors are wrong, they will not be capable of changing their minds.Dear parents, are you okay with your 14 year old daughter already indulging in sexual activity, and your 15 year old son reacting violently and aggressively to any confrontations? Dear world, do you believe its delightful for young girls to stress about their appearance and feel bad about themselves simply because of the way they look? Fo r boys to believe that sports are what they are bound to engage in to be liked? Directors of movies should start to think how to get society to think differently, rather than encourage its shallow beliefs.Fighting scenes should not be the only entertaining scenes for kids. More creative ways of how to entertain children in a positive way could be thought of. The modern teenage popular kids should all have different interests and be liked for who they are and not what they look like. Pathetic assumptions and senseless social statuses in general should be presented in a brighter way in programs. Unhealthy activities should be portrayed as the bad things to do rather than the cool things. Kids will follow their role models, and if theyre role models are doing good things, its likely they will too.

Marketing Definition Essay Example for Free

merchandise Definition EssayDefinitionThe process of defining and subdividing a large homogenous market into all the way identifiable segments having similar needs, wants, or demand characteristics. Its objective is to design a marketing mix that scarce matches the expectations of customers in the tar shooted segment. Few companies ar big enough to supply the needs of an entire market more or less must breakdown the total demand into segments and choose those that the company is best equipped to handle. Four primary factors that affect market segmentation are (1) clear identification of the segment, (2) measurability of its effective size, (3) its accessibility through with(predicate) promotional efforts, and (4) its appropriateness to the policies and resources of the company. The four basic market segmentation-strategies are based on (a) behavioral (b) demographic, (c) psychographic, and (d) geographic differences.Read more http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/ma rket-segmentation.htmlixzz2ImOtX3b8Do you think that it was a good segmentation for MMs to develop a new version targeting adults? In observing how MMs have changed oer clipping from the addition of peanut butter and almonds to the changing of colors and sizes I think that was a spacious segmentation strategy to develop a new version targeting adults. The new line of MMs is 55 percent larger in size and they come in colors that are likable to adults in its design (Schiffman Kanuk, 2007). According to spokeswoman Joan Buyce of Masterfoods USA this creation is designed with adults in mind and It broadens our portfolio so theres something for everyone (MMs get mega-sized, 2012, p.1).Buyce also states that the new MMs are available in milk chocolate as well as peanut varieties and come with an adult-oriented color scheme which includes teal, beige, gold, maroon, brown and blue-gray (MMs get mega-sized, 2012). Due to the new line of MMs including aspects that target adults I think tha t it is a great segmentation strategy because appealing aspects are included in the development of the new version. Discuss three basic types of research of design (exploratory, descriptive and casual).The three basic types of designs are exploratory, descriptive and casual research. In the explorative research there is regular and flexible and allows the researcher to investigate desires (Marketing investigate Design, 2012). Explorative research is also most commonly unstructured, sluttish research that is undertaken to gain background information about the general nature of the research problem (Marketing Research Design, 2012). While descriptive research describes and measure marketing phenomena at a point in time (Marketing Research Design, 2012). This type of research is classified as a cross sectional study, because it is a one-time measurement, which is open up in market research, outnumbering longitudinal studies and casual studies (Marketing Research Design, 2012). Casu al research is continues

Impact of the Columbian Exchange Essay Example for Free

Impact of the Columbian Exchange EssayThe Columbian exchange is the exchange of goods from the natural world to the senescent world and wickedness versa. The new world included Europe, Africa, Asia and the new world was known as The Americas. Things that were grappled during this time were tomatoes, apples, potatoes, cacao, corn from the New world to Old world. Oranges, lemons, wheat, and rice were major things traded from the Old world to the new. Because of the Columbian exchange, it still affects our modern society. similar how we interact with other countries to get what we need. And trade off things that we hasten to derive us. There were some(prenominal) things that occurred that were changed in the world due to the Columbian exchange. For example the strewinging of diseases from the old world to the new world.The disease spread from one place to another during the trade was by the ships that shipped over the goods. People and animals would carry outlander diseas es to The Americas to trade. not knowing the population who were there would get exposed to the germs and get ill. Since theyve never encountered diseases from the new world before, they banking company fight it off and this caused a major wipe disclose in The Americas to the great deal who had no immunity. Diseases like smallpox, measles, malaria, whooping expectorate were all diseases that the Native Americans living there have never encountered. Because of the rapid spreading of diseases they couldnt find unwrap to escape in time and smallpox (killed most of the Natives population) got rid nigh 95% of their entire population.The be Native Americans would be angry by how not only did the Europeans have invaded their lands but also killed them with their insalubrious diseases. The Native Americans didnt have any diseases that the Europeans werent already immune to, so the spreading of new diseases wouldnt really have major concerns on the people of the Old World. This cause d tension to arise between the two but to the Europeans, they had come apart things to worry about. Like coming up with ways to help make them much powerful finished trade. They knew the Natives were no longer any threat to them. Theyve and have the technology to defeat the Natives at any precondition time and already have taken over the land.The Columbian exchange also played a role in resulting in the spreading of European finish. With all the trading going on more explorers from Spain come to settle on the New World to look new wealth and to spread Christianity. finally others from different countries from the Old World also migrated over to find job opportunities. The Europeans took this opportunity to spread their righteousness across the New World. They taught the people about the bible and Christianity and as more people learned about Christianity they converted. Which was the beginning of the spread of Christianity. This was a affirmative thing for the Europeans bec ause they would be gaining more power over the people now that they are on their side, believing in their religion. For the native Americans this did not benefit them.Since the European culture rapidly spread throughout the new world, spread their culture was not able to be carried out to others and it slowly died down. They no longer could live the way they use to, look at in the things they did and carry on their traditions and customs. With the new shipping technology the Europeans over time advanced, let them travel and take over more lands and spread their customs and change the peoples current ways of living and convert into Christianity or they would be killed.Christianity before long traveled and spread all over the world and teachings of it changed peoples everyday life and beliefs. The way they viewed life and the things they take to do to show their dedication to god. They now have to go to the place of worship the church. Every candidate of their lives was impacted b y what they believe now. They changed the way they lived to be fit to what the bible tells them what they should do. For example the bible doesnt believe in planned parenthood and abortion so this caused a major population growth. The spreading of Christianity couldve raised competition between other religions of the expansion of each one.Slave trade also spread to the Americas from the Old World during this time. This impacted America in both a positive and negative way. The positive is that the people living in the Americas get free labor. They dont have to hire people to do field contribute or any manual labor work. And getting slaves for a good deal bargaining the things they already have. But because of this factor it was also the reason why the economy wasnt as high as it couldve been. collectable to slavery, they were force to do many jobs so when people that were looking for jobs had limited choices to find one. There werent many job opportunities since the slaves were do ing most of the work out there. The economy was effected also in negative and positive ways. The free labor the Europeans were getting from the slaves caused more food production to be made and faster to trade for more things from the Old World. Fast crops production would mean they wouldnt run out of supply and that will benefit them during trading.In the slaves perspectives, they were treated cruelly and unfairly. Forced out of the homes and family to work day and night unpaid for an unknown owner. They dont get any benefit out of this system except for the fact they are provided food and a shelter over their heads. This affected their lives in many ways. If they had children they needed to teach their children what their duties were and what they needed to do. This would change their perspectives in life and their beliefs. On why they were being placed in the Americas and question their faith in god. These questions they efficacy have had could later influence and change the vie w of their religion later in their childrens lives.

Rough Draft Puritans Essay Example for Free

around Draft Puritans EssayIn the middle of the 1600s, from around the 1630s to about the 1660s the Puritans were fleeing to America for for the most part religious reasons. Many of them came to set up what is called the Massachusetts Bay colony. John Winthrop was the leader of this colony. They believed religion was the signalize to the perfect community. Puritans had numerous influences on the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies using their religious values. Puritans had so many influences on the political outcome of the New England colonies. The form of political relation they had created was almost like a theocracy, where deitys law is law. A lot of the New England colonies didnt want this at all. Nathaniel Ward (doc G) was try to tell them that the state laws needed to go along with the morals of the church, or a lot of unfavourable things might happen. Even though Ward stated this, a lot of the colonies already had religious valua tion account so they didnt base the laws from the church morals. In Limitation of Government, John Cotton (doc H) is saying that the government shouldnt be all that good because any mortal man will abuse it.This is mixed bag of like a democracy, which the New England colonies will develop a government almost like this. Roger Williams (doc F) says that states should exclusively have one religion each. If they acquire more than one religion, it could only begin a war. This essentially shows that puritans were not very tolerant of other religions. Quite a few people believed there should be religious tolerance, people like Roger Williams, who was sent to Rhode Island by the Puritans. Then Rhode Island became one of the first colonies to obtain a separation of religion and state, which made it a colony for freedom of religion.

A Motivating Influence Essay Example for Free

A Motivating Influence EssayLife is a cycle of learning in which we learn every day by experiences, anecdotes or by somebody else. Now, it is hard to dumbfound a person who really cares about us or at least someone who wants to help us to succeed in the future. However, we found that in that location are some special teachers that are a not bad(p) example of learning how to succeed in flavour. In the cardinal stories of my favorite teacher by doubting Thomas L. Friedman, and Unforgettable deteriorate Bessie by Carl T. rowan, we find two incomparable persons who do a change in their students life. They both were a motivating influence for their students. Carl rowans teacher shake off Bessie and Thomas Friedmans teacher Hattie Steinberg are different in background, but similar in their comprehension, enthusiasm, love and care for their students.First, we find that both teachers, Miss Bessie and Miss Hattie had scholarship. They both introduced their students to knowled ge that they otherwise might not been exposed to. In Thomas Friedmans teacher, Hattie taught Friedman a lesson that lasted throughout his life. Hattie was a news media teacher who tries to teach her students about the estimable rules for being a journalist. She had high standards of teaching, and it leads a mark in her students. Friedmans writes Hattie was a woman who believed that the hole-and-corner(a) of success in life was getting the fundamentals right (403). This basic lesson about excellence in journalism was important to Friedmans career, because he becomes a journalist, and he remembered decades after his High School years with Hattie. This shows that Hattie was a wise teacher because it influences Friedmans life forever.On the other hand, Miss Bessies wisdom was impacting for rowan tree. She was a writing teacher who loves to fill and write. However, even when in those days the racism took place in the country between white and black people, and she was a black teache r, she had the pasion to impact her students life. Rowan writes one of Miss Bessies lessons If you do not read you cannot write, and if you cannot write, you might as intumesce stop dreaming (166). This showed Rowan how important her students future was for Miss Bessie. She tried to make the reading and writing a commandment for her students. Her wisdom and influence left a mark in her students heart that it will be not but for them but for their generations.Second, both teachers, Miss Bessie and Miss Hattie were similar in their enthusiasm at the moment of better-looking advice to their students. Rowan describes Miss Bessie as tough, no-nonsense woman who could convince her students to do anything. In one condition Rowan and Miss Bessie were talking about Rowans interest on sports and how hard it was for him to read a book. But he wanted to be with his friends and continue to be respect by them. So he writes Boy, she responded, you will play football because you have guts (164) . This impacted Rowans life forever. He learned to have the courage to fight for what he wanted in his life, and never spend up, even when it seems difficult to reach. Similarly, Friedmans teacher, Hattie Steinberg pushed her students to achieve high standards and to be responsible in their work, and to be well educated.Friedman writes and, boy, she pounded the fundamentals of journalism into her students not simply how to write a lead or accurately transliterate a quote, but more important, how to comport yourself in a professional way and to always do theatrical role work (403). The purpose of Steinberg was to make her students work as if they were already working in a journalism company. She wanted her students to be ethical and professional in whatever they do. She knew it was going to be a great lecture for them. It would make them productive persons in their work and their lives. Third, Rowan and Friedmans teachers were from different backgrounds. Rowans teacher, Miss Bessi e, she was from black race, lower class family and she could not afford her education as a teacher. Rowan did not know about her background until she talked about it before she died.He writes What you put in your head, boy, she once said, can never be pulled out by the Ku Klux Klan, the Congress, or anybody (165). This shows that even though Miss Bessie was from a lower class, she would never like her students to suffer the same problems she faced before. After long time, Rowan admired her because of her courage to succeed in life, and her courage to be someone else with a better quality of life. In contrast, Miss Hattie was from a better economic class, she was white, and her education standards where a big help in her career.Friedman writes I grew up in a small suburb of Minneapolis, and Hattie was the legendary journalism teacher at St. Louis park High School, Room 313 (403). We can say that Hattie took advantages of the opportunity she had to learn, and become one of the best te achers of journalism in the city even though we do not have evidence in the explanation if she was from a middle class economically. Hattie was admired for her high standards of teaching and it was the most important characteristics Friedman saw on her, that serve him as an example to become an ethical person in the journalism field.In conclusion, these two extraordinary teachers make a difference on their students lives with their wisdom, enthusiasm, love, and care. And, as a result of their effort for qualification professional and ethical persons of their students, both Rowan and Friedman become great professionals with more than an ethical personality, but both being conscientious to recognize that their successful lives are thanks to those teachers who gave them advices during the process of formation as adults in the school. However, this is the time for us as students to think about someone, not necessarily a teacher, but someone who impact our lives during our formation as adults. Even when many people think that they have an unsuccessful life, there is still time to make a change in their lives. Instead of thinking what you have made wrong in life, think of the opportunities you have to repair your mistakes and move forward to become a successful person.

Early Christian Music Essay Example for Free

previous(predicate) Christian Music EssaySinging is an essential break open of worship to God. Even the creation itself was go with by the recounting of morning stars (KJV, Job 387). So, medical specialty and singing were a vital part of the Israel and in the Old Testament we may find numerous confirmations of this fact. Jesus Himself sang hymns with His disciples before His sufferings (Matthew 2630).During the Apostolic Era, singing in temple and synagogues understood united the Jewish nation, and the apostles urged the believers to sing psalms, when anyone is merry (James 513), and in his letter to Corinthians, when he mentioned about the order in the congregation, Paul wrote that everyone of you hath a psalm, hath a philosophical system (1-Corinth. 1426), where psalm is mentioned first. Psalms became the primary source texts for Christian medication and liturgy establishment. Christianity, which originated from the Middle easternmost and had spread throughout the Ro man Empire during the first five centuries A.D. , was founded on the basis of the Jewish organized religion and, therefore, its key practices, such as the sacrificial concept and worship, are rooted and were formed from the traditions and commandments of the Old Testament. The join of Church singing became Christ, the Lord. Music was not limited by canons or regulations it was simple and exalted, joining the gentle souls. Love to the Savior Jesus Christ was so deep that the first Christians were aware of the tiniest step towards terrestrial and pagan influence therefore, pomp and coddle of roman symphony did not attracted them.The basis of singing in the early perform was music of the Temple in Jerusalem the chant of words from the Scripture. One was leading, musical composition the whole congregation repeated him. Other Christian singings included speaking to themselves in psalms and hymns and eldritch songs, singing and making melody in their hearts to the Lord (Eph. 519), which represented a two-part singing by-turn being filled with the Holy Spirit, Christians were making and singing new songs, like the new song to enjoy the Lamb in the Revelation of John. Pliny the Younger, the Roman appointee in Bithynia, in his report to the Roman primal Christian Music Page 2 Emperor 110 A. D. , had found out that the activities of Christians are not anti-social and their meetings are simple and start with singing a hymn of praise to Christ, as God. During the Roman persecution, Christians were force to make services in catacombs the walls of these galleries still keep the images of singers and, moreover, the texts of hymns.Monotonous music of hymns was amazing in its nonindulgence and exaltation at the same time. Musical instruments were not allowed because of their heathen usage. On the first council of Nicaea in 325, the persecuted church became the state one. Therefore, singing and worship, staying categoric, was supplemented with such chants as Gallica n France, Mozarabic (Visigothic) Spain, Old Roman, ambrosian, and Sarum use England (Norton, 2002) and was influenced by national differences.The second council in 381 had excluded non-Christian singing, for Christian music, enjoying the freedom for decades, had been loosing its vitality and simplicity. 100 years later, Manlius Severinus Boethius had written a five-volume book on music De institutione musica (Fundamentals of Music) where he had concluded writings and findings of Greek authors (Nicomachus, Ptolemy, Pythagoras, Euclid and Aristoxenus).Boethius had divided music into three categories musica mundane described the universe, planets, seasons music of the spheres musica humana described the interrelations of body and soul musica instrumentalis described music performed with the help of instrument or voice (Norton, 2002). He claimed that music must be a representation of harmony, knowledge, and order. St. Ambrose and St. Gregory the Great played the most significa nt persona in the development of early Christian music they have left the patterns, which are now called Ambrosian andGregorian chants, though the founders themselves had no intention to establish a canon. Ambrose, the bishop of Milan, realized the need to enrich the monotonous hymns Early Christian Music Page 3 performance and wrote a come of hymns for his church, which reproduce the psalms of David in verses. He depicted bright images, using a manifold oratorical language of Cicerone, Horatio and Vergilius.His music was simple and close to folks one. He introduced antiphonal singing, known in Jerusalem Temple, which represents a by-turn psalm singing of soloist, while the rest of congregation is refraining (antiphon) the verses. Besides, Ambrose had put a base of operations for eight voice chorus in the West. The original form of Ambrosian chant is still unploughed in native Milan. Pope St. Gregory I, a son of roman Senator, who refused to serve these worldly passions, and, h aving sold his possessions, entered the St. Andrews monastery, became the first monk, who was elected to be the pope.Being devoted to liturgy, which was aimed at prayer and teaching, he advanced the free singing as a sacred music and stressed on the importance of church music as an outer manifestation of faith that can raise mans heart to uncanny level. This form of monophonic chant became a standard of monastery (Office) and public (the Mass) worship, as well as other services, and had been sung by choirs. This very chant had replaced Old Roman chant in Rome and has been revise and developed until the tenth century A. D.The singing itself started with halleluiah the victorious exclamation of Christians after two and a half(a) centuries of persecution. Its best samples were composed at the end of 5th century (between the invasions of Goths and Lombards), in the epoch of wars, destructions, plagues, famine, disasters such unworthy that Gregory supposed them to be the signs of the end and presages of the Last Judgment. Yet, this singing is filled with peace and faith for the future. Therefore, the Early Christian Music was written in times of persecutions and hardships and was aimed to inspire and give faith to believers.That is why the chants and hymns of that time still restore the souls of mankind and are the basis for main services in the most of Christian world. full treatment Cited Holy Bible, King James Version. Plume, 1974. Norton, W. Music in the Early Christian Church. Concise account of Western Music. 2002. W. W. Norton Company. 11 Apr 2008 http//www. wwnorton. com/college/music/concise/ch1_outline1. htm. Ward, Justine. The Reform of Church Music. The Atlantic Monthly 04 1906 1-10. 11 Apr 2008 http//www. musicasacra. com/publications/sacredmusic/pdf/ward. pdf.

Manning Guidance Essay Example for Free

Manning focus EssayDo the prioritizations outlined in the 2013 Manning Guidance agree with the imperatives of the 2013 ASPG? Why or why not?Overall, Manning Guidance (MG) 2013 is a near-term document that supports the imperatives of the 2013 Army strategical projectning Guidance (ASPG) for all near-term priorities that covers FYs 13-15. The mission statement of MG 2013, states Provide AC Army with power manning guidance for FY13-15 that is synchronized with the Armys Priorities. The major difference is that ASPG covers near term (FYs 13-15), mid-term (FYs 16-20), as intumesce as long term (FY21 and beyond) however, MG 2013 is a near-term document that supports the imperatives of the ASPG for FYs 13-15 only. Additionally, MG 2013 is much focused on the Manning line of effort vs. holistic approach to all things Army Strategic planning guidelines and considerations.ASPG Imperative 1 states Provide modernized and ready, tailored land force capabilities to meet Combatant Comman ders requirements across the range of war machine operations. How the MG 2013 supports this effort MG provides guidelines for alignment of manning levels IAW Army priorities as reflected in the IRPL and other priorities established by Army senior leadership. MG also establishes clear guidelines on the manning levels during the ARFORGEN models by instituting not less than P2 order during RESET and P1 during TRAIN/READY phase. It also talks about how the Army has enough Soldiers to fill all(prenominal) authorizations in the aggregate. Furthermore, MG also lays out allocated forces and apportioned forces that supports the Combatant Commanders requirements it all the way articulates urgent forces requires 100% manning, inborn forces=90%, and important forces=80%.ASPG Imperative 2 states Develop leaders to meet the challenges of the 21st century. How the MG 2013 aligns with this effort MG amplifies the need for the investment of quality officers and NCOs in the institutional Army to develop Soldiers in diverse and broadening positions. It also states Commanders have the option to release Soldiers during any phase of the ARFORGEN cycle to process Professional Military Education (PME). It also clearly states, Commands can release Soldiers/ attracters to depart unit of measurement IOT execute PME and other assignments that can broaden and grow Leaders.ASPG Imperative 3 states Adapt the Army to more effectively provide land power. How the MG 2013 is in align or contradicts with this effort First, MG clearly lays out the guidance on Resetting the Force during ARFORGEN cycle. However, ASPG covers areas that are mid-term and long-term that discusses the modernization effort, reforming/restructuring the Force, and fielding the Army of the incoming that is not laid out in the MG. Some of these areas are covered in the Command Plan as well Army equipping strategy or modernization strategy and not in the Manning Guidance.ASPG Imperative 4 states Enhance the all-volunt eer Army. How the MG 2013 is in align or contradicts with this effort Once again, difference back to the discussion in the ASPG 2, developing future leaders, MG clearly articulates the support for Soldier/Leader assignments, importance of PMEs, and investing on recruiting/investing on top quality officers and NCOs that can ultimately produce the all-volunteer Army.

Analysis Of Internet Banking

Analysis Of mesh BankingThe definition of net income banking varies in m each ways. Basically, profits Banking crowd out be understood as the virgin means to furnish information relate to banks and their values via an online homepage (Mahmood and Steve, 2009 Ongkasuwan and Tantichattanon, 2002). Daniel (1999), Arunachalam Sivasubramanian (2007) overly defines internet Banking as the delivery of banks information and go to guests via different delivery platforms, such as computer or ready ph unitary. Via the meshing utilize PC or mobile ph single and web-browser, a banks clients go off call for information and carry out most banking works (Daniel, 1999 Mols, 1998 Sathye, 1999). Ongkasuwan and Tantichattanon (2002) specify ne dickensrk banking improvement as banking answer that allows clients to gateway and carry through financial minutes on their bank accounts from their computers with profits mergeion.Some researchers delimitate internet Banking base on which go it offers to guests. earnings Banking is delivery channel of banking services which allows both private and incorporate clients to enforce different banking exploits such as bracing account opening, giftment, loan application and approval, funds management, etc. (Pikkarainen, Karjaluoto, and Pahnila, 2004). net Banking is as well an electronic connection mingled with the bank and the node with the aim of preparing, managing and coercive financial works for both parties (Burr, 1996). Pikkarainen et al (2004) define net income banking as an internet portal, through which guests puke utilise different kinds of banking services ranging from bill payment to making investments. With the click of a mouse, net profit Banking simplyt dish banking customers to access to almost either type of banking transaction (De Young, 2001).Other researchers define internet Banking establish on its benefits brings to banks. Pikkarainen et al, (2004) considered profit Banking as one of the cheapest delivery channels for banking results. Despite high starting-up exists of Internet Banking channel, Internet Banking still can fetch profitable when achieving a critical mass (Mahmood and Steve, 2009). Additionally, the use of the internet is seen as a new alternative channel for the distribution of financial services which offer warlike advantage (Flavin et al, 2004 Gan and Clemes, 2006). Because the call for of todays customers are more than sophisticated and demanding in the banking industry, split upes alone are no longer sufficient (Mahmood and Steve, 2009). Internet Banking has provided an alternative means to acquire banking services more conveniently and commence ideal for banks to meet customers foresights. Thanks to Internet Banking, banks can use information and communication technology to provide services and manage customer relationship more quickly and most satisfactorily (Charity-Commission, 2003). Internet Banking has become the main means for banks to market and sell their increases and services help banks stay profitable and successful (Amato-McCoy, 2005). This electronic distribution of services offers various benefits which ordain be discussed in the next section. Additionally, the main characteristic of Internet Banking is that Internet Banking brings the differences in the midst of traditional, physical market place and the virtual one (Rayport and Sviokla, 1994). clients expect banking transactions using online electronic channel instead of bank branches. Without visiting a brick and- mortar institution, through Internet Banking, a customer may fare banking transactions electronically (Al-Abed, 2003).In conclusion, for the purpose of this research, the researcher defines electronic banking as the new delivery of banking services and products through the use of electronic means such as mobile phones, or computers which connected to Internet in all the date and in all places. Such products an d services can include deposit-taking, lending, account management, the provision of financial advice, electronic bill payment, and the provision of separate electronic payment products and services such as electronic money.2.1.2 Internet Banking favours and Disadvantages2.1.2.1 Internet Banking Advantages2.1.2.1.1 Customers ConvenienceCustomers enjoy the creature comforts of internet banking services since Internet Banking makes banking transactions faster, easier and more efficient. Convenience has been identified by a figure of studies as an important adoption factor (ACNielsen, 2005 Pew, 2003 Ramsay and Smith, 1999 Thornton and White, 2001). For customers, the benefits are more choice greater competition and reform value for money more information better tools to manage and compare information and faster service (Sergeant, 2000).With the provision of Internet Banking services, customers can possess convenience in terms of 24/7 access (Pew, 2003). Traditionally, visiting a p hysical branch is the only way for customers to do banking transactions which require certificate and privacy. Without Internet Banking, bank transactions are only implemented within office hours. On the other(a) hand, banks which offer Internet Banking are open for business every time and every place with Internet connection. Therefore, Internet Banking users are able to save time and transportation expenses, waiting time as well. When accessing the Internet connection, via phones or computers, customers can do banking transactions without any efforts. Internet Banking enables users to have mobility since transactions can be performed in any time and at any place. Customers are increasingly mobile and demand for malleable services, as a result, they prefer quick delivery of products and services.Additionally, Internet Banking as well provides paper free, complete and rationalizeting-edge transactions (Wright and Ralston, 2002). Internet Banking users are easy to know all detai ls of their current and erst succession(prenominal) financial data and banking transactions. Any inquiry or transaction is processed online without any reference to the physical branch at any time. Instead of filling out application form and sign many papers, or use ID card for security, consumers just log in their account and type account password, they get the exact and updated financial data. Real-time account balances and information are available. For example, customers always update the information astir(predicate) intimacy rates and money-spending options.Compared with traditional over-the-counter banking, Internet Banking step is not influenced by own(prenominal) contact betwixt customers and banks (Lu Nancy Zheng, 2010). Banking transactions with the provision of Internet Banking can be automated. When banks do not offer Internet Banking, any banking transactions need the involvement of bank employees. Although human communication plays an important role in marketin g, this can be considered as a double-edged sword. The quality of services depends on attitudes of bank employee. Moreover, Internet Banking benefits banks for minimizing the likeliness of committing errors by bank tellers (Jayawardhena and Foley, 2000). To some extent, not offering face-to-face contact can be seen as one of the advantages of Internet Banking.2.1.2.1.2 Increased ProfitsFirstly, Internet Banking helps remediated profits by lowering effect costs. Expanding geographically by opening new branches requires high starting-up cost and maintenance costs. With the help of Internet Banking, banking transactions do not require a physical presence. As a result, Internet Banking enhances reduction of knock costs of physical channels, which require expensive buildings and a mental faculty presence. Additionally, all banking transaction of Internet Banking is more often than not automatic which enables banks to reduce the workload of branch staff. Also, Internet Banking helps avoid errors related to data entry and individualized communication mistakes. Indeed, banks not only save costs but also easier expand the traditional customer bases. Internet Banking replaces some of traditional bank functions to reduce significant overheads related to bank branches, as a result, Internet Banking is considered as one of the cheapest delivery channels for banking services (Arunachalam and Sivasubramanian, 2007). Moreover, Internet Banking helps banks in cutting cost, correct market share, maintain various E-business services, extend marketing and communication channel, search for new innovation services, and improve cross-selling opportunities (Ongkasuwan and Tantichattanon, 2002).Secondly, another reason why Internet Banking improved economic returns for banks is that Internet Banking allows banks to diversify their value population activities. While doing transaction banking online, users easily approach with many other cross-selling banking services with deta ils. Selling an additional product or service to an existing customer is called cross-selling. The profits can be gained not only base on current offered services but also other cross-selling activities (Arunachalam and Sivasubramanian, 2007). According to Mahmood and Steve (2009), the higher than average income and educational activity levels are more attracted by Internet Banking is high profit customers. Based on detailed data about customers financial profiles and purchasing behavior, banks which possess detailed perceptiveness of customers create customized advertising, customized products for bank users. By this way, not only current services banks offer but also other services can be sold. Internet Banking provides faster delivery of banking services to a wider range of customers (Oghenerukevbe, 2008). Not only did the topic of its online customer grow very quickly, but the new customer base was also very profitable.2.1.2.1.3 Competitive AdvantageThe use of Internet Banki ng can gain war-ridden advantage to deal with globalization and fiercer competition (Flavin, Torres, Guinalu, 2004).Firstly, Internet Banking enables banks to achieve competitive advantage since having a large online and physical branch network. Operation cost per Internet Banking transaction is much lower than for other service delivery channels (Shah et al., 2007). Jayawardhena and Foley (2000) reported that the transaction cost for non-cash payment at a branch relative to the internet can be 11 quantify more than online transaction. By lower operation cost, Internet Banking enables a bank to survive the economic pressures and down-turns.Secondly, Internet Banking helps banks to gain competitive advantage since it is seen as one of those innovative ways to meet customers outlooks (Mahmood and Steve, 2009). In this customer-centered business, customers are more demanding for products or services with high-quality, sold at less cost and delivered quickly. Thanks to its character istics, Internet Banking is one of the best options. Internet Banking helps banking users can access any transactions in all time and all over with the lowest costs.Thirdly, Internet Banking is considered as a key in both pass oning customers loyal and accessing new markets. Apart from expansion by selling products or services for new customers, maintain existing ones is every bit important, especially in current difficult economic situation. There is more and more pressure on banks to diversify their products to create value. Otherwise, banks are likely to drag behind competitors and new entrants in financial sectors drop off important current customer segment. For example, Woolwich Bank in the UK, compared with traditional banking customers, Internet Banking customers hold more number of financial products on average (Mahmood and Steve, 2009).2.1.2.1.4 Enhanced ImageInternet Banking helps to enhance the image of the organization since banks is seen as innovative organization of fering innovative products. This image also helps banks more effective at e-marketing. Internet Banking enables customers to access internet bank all the time and in all places which means that on that point is no boundary of spaces and time brings more opportunities to extend their relationship with the customers Robinson (2000). More effective marketing and communication at lower costs will not only improve market image but also prepare banks to have better and quicker response to market evolution (Jayawardhena and Foley, 2000). Offering extra service delivery channels means wider choice and convenience for customers, which itself is an improvement in customer service. Internet Banking can be made available 24 hours a day throughout the year, and a widespread handiness of the Internet, even on mobile phones, means that customers can conduct many of their financial t have a bun in the ovens virtually anywhere and anytime.2.1.2.2 Internet Banking Disadvantages2.1.2.2.1 High cost sAlthough Internet Banking saves infrastructure costs for banks as to a higher place mention reasons, banks introducing Internet Banking just made little savings (Young, 2007). The reason is that any savings are offset by in a higher place average wages and benefits per worker. Internet Banking needs a more skilled labor stuff to run the more sophisticated delivery system. Moreover, costs related extra security measures need interpreted into consideration.2.1.2.2.2 The banish effects on banks and customers relationshipThe traditional channels of offering banking services strongly counsel on personal relationships. It is essential to maintain the human touch in customer services (Avkiran, 1999). Customers cleverness be satisfied with the greeting, politeness, neatness of bank employees, ability to express concern for customers needs, apologize for customers complaints. The way of staff members serving customers are likely to influence customer gladness directly. Internet Banki ng completely changes this aspect of customer and bank relationship since it is fully automated.A traditional bank provides the opportunity to develop a personal relationship with that bank. At a local bank branch, employee can make a conservation to ask their customers demand or help them to solve their problems, consult their financial decisions. It is increasingly personal contact with customers. The banker also will get to know the customer and his unique needs. Meanwhile, Internet Banking just performs common transactions without any face-to-face contacts (Cho et al. 2007). According to Broderick and Vachirapornuk (2003333), customers do not have interaction with employees in person.2.1.3 Internet Banking Barriers2.1.3.1 approach shotibility to the InternetWireless communications enables Internet Banking become more and more accessible. Although the growth of the Internet has been very fast, there is still a large population who do not own computers or mobile phones connect to the Internet. For example, different from developed countries, Internet connectivity is still a problem in some rural areas and several(prenominal) developing countries. Lack of computer literacy is one of the reasons Internet Banking is less developed (Walczuch et al., 2000).2.1.3.2 Consumer BehaviorAs above mentioned, convenience is not only a key determinant of consumer satisfaction (Yang et al., 2003) but also one of the dominating factors in transaction channel preferences (Ramsay and Smith, 1999). In the field of Internet Banking, this is one of the most cited well(p) features because it offers more leisure-time when doing banking transaction (Devlin, 1995 Daniel, 1999 Liao and Cheung, 2002).Despite the awareness of Internet Bankings benefit, users are still reluctant to use Internet Banking. It is very common in developing countries to physically transfer money. The minority of customers are willing to use Internet Banking, whereas a large number of consumers of financial s ervices are still uncomfortable to conduct their financial management online. The reason is that the use of new technology depends on the technology acceptance of customers and the consumer habits in each country.2.1.3.3 Security IssuesSecurity challenges banks to deal with customer fears in perform financial transactions using website as a channel (Aladwani, 2001 Sathye, 1999 Gerrard and Cunningham, 2003). In the first quarter of 2005, 80% of global online attacks towards the financial services sector (IDC, 2005).Customers tend to lack confidence in technology-based services delivery systems (Walker et al., 2002). For example, they are unsure that the transaction was completed or the transaction is delayed or not. Also, they are afraid that slow response time after completing leads to a delay of service delivery. This can result in transaction venture (Westland, 2002). This concerns mainly because of the quality of online services systems. report card of the bank also significantl y affects customer adoption of new technology-based service delivery (Aladwani, 2001). Interestingly, other researchers found that consumer is very much confident about their bank but they have less confidence in technology (Howcroft et al., 2002). Consumers express their concern that online banking is not likely to keep their information of transaction secure and private (Belanger et al., 2002 Salisbury et al., 2001). Therefore, it is essential for Internet Banking banks provider higher point of security that enables customers to trust internet banking at all times and places (Daniel, 1999, Black et al, 2001 Polatoglu and Ekin, 2001 Suganthi et al, 2001 Gerrard and Cunningham, 2003).2.2 Understanding of Customer gaietyBoth business practitioners and academic researchers pay more and more attention to customer satisfaction (Bolton and Drew, 1991 Christian Bettina, 1999). Jamal and Naser (2003) emphasized the immenseness of customer satisfaction for marketers and researchers as w ell when stating that it is an important theoretical and practical issue. Thus, from the past on, customer satisfaction is defined by different studies in different ways which brings a diverseness of definitions for customer satisfaction.Firstly, customer satisfaction can be basically defined by using its determinants. some researcher used expectation and disconfirmation (Kang, Nobuyuki and Herbert, 2004), or expectation and act (Johnson, Anderson and Fornell, 2001), or quality and disconfirmation (McQuitty, Finn and Wiley, 2000), or expectation and quality (Giese and Cote, 2002) as customer satisfactions determinants to define customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, Prabhakar (2005) found customer satisfactions factors include the price factors, product or services quality, customers expectations.Secondly, customer satisfaction can be defined based on two different conceptualizations, namely Transaction-specific satisfaction and Cumulative-specific satisfaction (Boulding, 1993). Trans action-specific satisfaction is a customers evaluation, based on both live on and reactions, towards a particular service encounter (Cronin and Taylor, 1992 Boshoff and Gray, 2004). Cumulative-specific satisfaction is defined as customers overall evaluation based on total purchase and consumption experience (Johnson, Anderson and Fornell, 1995). While transaction-specific satisfaction provides specific transactional information about specific purchase occasion (Anderson, 1994b), cumulative-specific satisfaction refers to customers experience with past, current, and future performances.Thirdly, customer satisfaction is the gap while comparison betwixt pre-purchased expectation and post purchase (Barsky, 1992 Oh and Parks, 1997 McQuitty, Finn and Wiley, 2000). This conceptualization is called the expectancy disconfirmation theory which developed by Oliver (1980). According to this theory, customers experience satisfaction when product or service is better than expected. Otherwise, if the performance is worse than their expectations, negative disconfirmation or dissatisfaction occurs. Customer satisfaction is a highly personal assessment which consists of not only cognitive element but also emotional element. Customers buy products or services because the benefits products or services offer. Hanan, mackintosh and Karp, Peter (1989) stated that customers receives significant add-value is satisfied customers. Therefore, customers always expect products possess benefits they need.Apart from other above mention definitions, more definitions of customer satisfaction are presented in following work up 2.1.Figure 2.1 Customer Satisfaction DefinitionNo. penDefinition1Olshavsky Miller (1972)The consequence of the confirmation or positive disconfirmation of expectations, which means that the perceived performance is equal to or better than the expected outcome2Churchill and Surprenant (1982)An outcome of purchase and use resulting from the buyers comparison of the rew ards and costs of the purchase in relation to the anticipated consequences3Woodruff et al. (1983)An emotional feeling in response to confirmation/disconfirmation4Peter Olson (1996)The degree to which a consumers pre-purchase expectations are fulfilled or surpassed by a product5Oliver (1997)Satisfaction is the consumers fulfillment response. It is a judgment that a product or service feature, or the product or service itself, provided (or is providing a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment, including levels of under or over fulfillment6Andreassen Lindestad (1998)The accumulated experience of a customers purchase and consumption experiencesDefinition of customer satisfaction and debates relate to this definition is widely discussed. On the other hand, in this take, customer satisfaction can be simply understood that customer satisfaction is the customer pleasure when products or services meet customers demand.2.3 The relationship between Customer Satisfaction and it s antecedentsDue to the importance of customer satisfaction, a variety of research has been done to determine the factors influencing customer satisfaction (Churchill and Surprenant, 1982 Oliver, 1980 Barsky, 1995 Zeithaml and Bitner, 2003). According to Oliver (1980), there are three factors influencing Customer Satisfaction Service reference (1), footing (2), Privacy and Security (3).Figure 2.1 Factors influencing Customer Satisfaction2.3.1 The relationship between Service case and Customer SatisfactionConcepts of Service QualityThe most important component affecting customer satisfaction is Service Quality (Shelly Gandhi et al Cronin and Taylor, 1992 Oliver, 1993 Spreng and Machoy, 1996). likewise with customer satisfaction, many academic researchers nonrecreational attention to service quality since it is a means of creating competitive advantages and customer loyalty (Dawn et al., 1995).Generally, service quality measures whether services meet customers needs and expectati ons or not (Lewis and Booms, 1983). Cronin and Taylor (1994) defined service quality as a long-run overall evaluation of products or services whereas Bitner, Booms and Mohr (1994) defined service quality as the overall impression of the organization and its services. Similar to customer satisfaction definition, match to Parasuraman et al. (1985), service quality can be defined as the consumers comparison between pre-purchase service expectation and actual service performance. Since Parasuraman et al. (1985) proposed their conceptual model of perceived service quality, more and more attention has been paid to services quality. On the other hand, the research conducted by Parasuraman et al. (1985) is mostly recognized.Table 2.2 Dimensions of Service QualityAuthorDimensions of Service QualityGronroos 1982Technical qualityFunctional qualityCorporate imageZeithamls (2002)Efficiency dependablenessFulfillmentPrivacyResponsivenessCompensationContactJun and Cai (2001)ReliabilityResponsivene ssCompetenceCourtesybelievabilityAccessCommunicationUnderstandingCollaborationContinuous improvementYang et al. (2004)ReliabilityAttentiveness solace of useAccessCredibilityGarvin (1988)Besterfield (2003)PerformanceFeaturesConformanceReliabilityDurabilityServiceResponseAestheticsReputationAfter researching different types of services, such as long-distance telecommunication companies, credit card companies, motor rejuvenate shops and banking industry, Parasuraman et al. (1985) stated that there are ten determinants of Service Quality as followsReliability The ability to perform services to customers right the first time and provide reliable and accurate services as promised.Tangibles tangible evidence of the services (neat appearance of employees, modern equipment and facility).Security Providing services without any risk or danger.Access Easy to approach with services and contact with employees for request.Communication Understanding and listening ability to customers, knowing wh at customers fate to help.Courtesy Respect customer, being polite and friendly to customers, express the concern related to customers problems.Credibility create and achieve honest and trustworthiness towards customers.Understanding Knowing the customer what is customers needs.Competence Possession of the required skills and knowledge to perform the service.10. Responsiveness The willingness or readiness of employees when interact with customers requests.However, later in 1988, these above mentioned ten dimensions were cut down to fives by Parasuraman et al. (1985)Tangibility the appearance and availability of physical equipment, appearance of personnel.Reliability the ability to perform the service promptly with high quality in the dependable and accurate way.Responsiveness the readiness to help customers.Assurance includes four elements, such as Competence, courtesy, credibility and security. The ability to communicate with customers in the knowledgeable and comprehensible way to persuade customers and convey trust and confidence to them.Empathy includes access, communication, and understanding the customer. The ability to express the concern with customers, pay attention to their needs and problems in a caring and individualized way.The relationship between Service Quality and Customer SatisfactionVarious academics have studied service quality and customer satisfaction in order to understand customer evaluation (Bitner Hubber, 1993 Boulding, Staelin, Kalra, Zeithaml, 1993 Oliver, 1993 Parasuraman, 1985). In many study researching on customer evaluation, quality and satisfaction are used interchangeably since they both presents the comparison of customer expectiation and actual service performance (Lowis and Boom, 1983 Parasuraman, 1985).On the other hand, there is still difference between two concepts. Customer satisfaction is more specific, short-term evaluation while service quality is more general and long-term evaluations (Dabholkar, 1993 and Gotl ieb, Grewal and Brown, 1994).In contrast, match to Wilson et al. (2008), customer satisfaction is more permanent than service quality since it generally is a broader term, some dimensions of customer satisfaction are specifically focused on by service quality.As defined above, customer satisfaction has two definitions as transaction-specific and cumulative-specific customer satisfaction (Boulding, 1993). Regardless of whether customer satisfaction has been defined by transaction-specific or cumulative-specific definitions, service quality is one of the most important antecedents of customer satisfaction (Oliver, 1993 Anderson Sullivan, 1993 Fornell et al., 1996 Spreng Macky, 1996). The higher service quality is, the higher satisfaction is (Parasuraman et al., 1985).From the past on, service quality and customer satisfaction is highly related which proved by many studies with practical examples. For instance, Brady et al., (2001) used SERVQUAL in examine the relationship between c ustomer satisfaction and service quality in fast-food restaurants in America and Latin America. SERVQUAL model includes ten aspects responsiveness, courtesy, communication, reliability, security, competence, access, understanding the customers, credibility and tangibles. Additionally, LISREL was used to conduct the test the same positive relationship in a health care service in Ruyter et al. (1997).Based on the research conducted by Yang et al. (2004) related to E-Service, the study will focus on five Service Quality Dimensions as followsReliability Accuracy and prompt of transaction performance.Attentiveness Availability to serve customer, willingness to help customer, pay individualized attention and personal contact to customers.Ease of use Easy to remember URL address, well-structured web-design, easy-to-follow, update information, concise, simple and understandable contents, terms and conditions.Access approachability of different transaction services, availability of communi cation channels such as chat rooms or emails, details contact of service personnel.Credibility The reputation of service providers.Based on the above discussions, the scheme (H1) is formulated.H1 Service quality has a significant relationship with customers satisfaction in Internet Banking.2.3.2 The relationship between Price and Customer SatisfactionConcept of PricePrice plays an important role in the option of the company since it decided the competitiveness and revenue of a company. According to Price Theory, price reflects interaction between supply and demand in the market. In other words, price is determined by what a customer is willing to pay and what a seller is willing to accept. With this agreement, both customers and sellers get mutual benefits because customers take advantage of the product usage while sellers get their economic returns. Similarly with Price Theory, Stanton (1985) defined price as the nitty-gritty of money or goods needed to acquire some combination o f another goods and its companying services.These findings are also consistent with other research findings. For example, Kotler (2002) defined price as the total amount customer needs to exchange in order to obtain a benefit of the products or services price is the amount of money charged for a product or service. In order to achieve marketing objectives, The market Mix is essential for firms and includes four P (Product, Price, Promotion, Place) creating general and specific marketing strategies for the whole company (Kotler, 2002). Price is one of the four P in The Marketing Mix which developed by Philip Kotler.The relationship between Price and Customer SatisfactionThere is a clear link between customer satisfaction and price perceptions (Kyriazopoulos, 2007). Numerous studies discussed the relationship between price and customer satisfaction. For example, this relationship is proved through the study conducted in German car dea